When the epoxy cures, it can be sanded smooth and painted to achieve a durable and waterproof repair. 23 Ornamental Plaster The use of sash locks installed on the meeting rail will insure that the sash are kept tightly closed so that the weatherstripping will function more effectively to reduce infiltration. Removal of excess layers or peeling and flaking paint will facilitate operation of the window and restore the clarity of the original detailing. Step 8. A piece of wood has been split off of the end of the rail, leaving part of the tenon and wooden peg exposed. Chapters focus on window problems, … Here's to restore them. sustainable but makes better economic sense, particularly when the use of shutters or secondary glazing to improve their thermal performance is taken into account. That said, there are a few ways you can cut down on costs even more: Replace or repair multiple windows at once. It is necessary to remove the sash and/or the affected parts of the frame and have a carpenter or woodworking mill reproduce the damaged or missing parts. If the ring orientation is not matched the old wood and new wood will expand and shrink in different directions, potentially stressing the joint resulting in a loose or open joint. Historic windows are simple devices that are constructed of separate simple pieces. John H. Myers 1. Deterioration of poorly maintained windows usually begins on horizontal surfaces and at joints, where water can collect and saturate the wood. the pattern of the openings and their size; associated details such as arched tops, hoods, or other decorative elements. This would result in “open joints” that could be disassembled in the future. After removing any paint along the seam, the parting bead should be carefully pried out and worked free in the same manner as the interior stop. The repair of historic wooden windows. 4. Ask that person to demonstrate their work in a preliminary project phase with mockups or sample work. … Summary and References 9. Historic six-over-six windows--preserved. One of the most common work items is the replacement of the sash cords with new rope cords or with chains. 3 Disassemble the SashMost old sash are made with mortise and tenon joints and can be taken apart. 38 Removing Graffiti Window openings can be covered with polyethylene sheets or plywood sheathing while the sash are out for repair. rather than replacing them is not only more . 6 Make the DutchmanI use wood of the same species, in this case Eastern White Pine. Cleaning old windows, struggling to open or close them, or looking for outdated parts may make you decide replacement will … Written for homeowners, architects, builders, engineers, and preservationists, Repairing Old and Historic Windows is the complete and authoritative guide to window maintenance and repair. Make a wood dutchman to fit the void and glue it in place. 10 Paint Problems Although such comparisons may focus on specific window types and their details, the ultimate determination of significance should be made within the context of the whole building, wherein the windows are one architectural element. are examples of exceptional craftsmanship or design. Fill the void with epoxy paste filler. So, how do you get this creative preservation work done on your projects? Make the mockups or work samples part of the main contract. This method of fastening is holding up well. Pressure on the probe can force it through an apparently sound skin to penetrate deeply into decayed wood. Enjoy your windows for years to come! It is necessary to thoroughly investigate the alternatives for windows which do require extensive repairs to arrive at a solution which retains historic significance and is also economically feasible. Trim and ShapeFirst I hand plane the dutchman’s surface to be exactly flush with surround surfaces and then layout the mortise with a square and straight edge. Follow along as we repair them. 39 Controlling Unwanted Moisture I select for straight grain, all heartwood, even trying to match the growth ring count per inch. They can damage a building Durability: I have seen several sash dutchmen and part replacement repairs that were done 110 and 125 years ago, so I think of those as methods with a service life measured in centuries. Call us 857-226-0007 to schedule an appointment and get free estimate. Caulking of the joints between the sill and the jamb will help reduce further water penetration. Spaces by each part allow notes on existing conditions and repair instructions. With sharp tools and practiced woodworking skills on a few dutchmen this task goes much faster than if using power chop saws and routers. Even though it’s two centuries old, it was still good, so I reused it.The sash was primed, reglazed, painted and put back in the Shaker horse barn. This guide aims to give a historical context to non-galvanised (pre 1950) metal casement windows and the distinct development of material and form over the years, advice on a best practise maintenance routine, signs of deterioration to look out for and likely restoration and repair techniques when metal windows are in need of intervention. The laps are half the thickness of the stile and at least three times longer than the width of the stile. Energy conservation is no excuse for the wholesale destruction of historic windows which can be made thermally efficient by historically and aesthetically acceptable means. Here are some resources to help you find them: Check with your state’s historic preservation office and state-wide non-profit preservation organization. In actual practice, the creation of such a durable, airtight seal is difficult. Window replacement costs are expensive. Step 1. Step 9: The joint and sash are reassembled. The pane is then pressed into place and the glazing points are pushed into the wood around the perimeter of the pane. How does specification work? So, how can you specify this method for your projects? Step 9. This is self-evident for ornamental windows, but it can be equally true for warehouses or factories where the windows may be the most dominant visual element of an otherwise plain building. Wood Storm Windows. Go around the entire sash, placing and packing lines of putty; it doesn’t have to … Storm window frames may be made of wood, aluminum, vinyl, or plastic; however, the use of unfinished aluminum storms should be avoided. Wood Dutchman: Remove the stile from the sash by drifting out the wooden pegs and disassembling the mortise and tenon joints. The sill should be examined to insure that it slopes downward away from the building and allows water to drain off. This is a creative process that depends on knowledgeable and skilled workers. Each window should be examined for operational soundness beginning with the lower portions of the frame and sash. Bad repair works can be difficult and expensive to undo. Before undertaking any of the repairs mentioned in the following sections all sources of moisture penetration should be identified and eliminated, and all existing decay fungi destroyed in order to arrest the deterioration process. Some of the joints were filled with lead-paste. Adding weather stripping and an interior or exterior storm window to a historic wood window in good repair will significantly improve its energy efficiency and the occupants’ comfort level without having to replace the entire unit. 12 Structural Glass (ptn.org), The Window Preservation Standards book offers guidance in organizing window projects and provides a set of detailed standard methods and procedures. Reading List 10. It’s true, the power tools could step up the production rate if there are dozens of dutchmen to do at the same time, but here I used hand work because it is more controlled and less likely to damage the original wood. Although such locks will not always be historically accurate, they will usually be viewed as an acceptable contemporary modification in the interest of improved thermal performance. Although interior storm windows appear to offer an attractive option for achieving double glazing with minimal visual impact, the potential for damaging condensation problems must be addressed. The actual construction of wooden window frames and sash is not complicated. Repair or replace historic windows? We believe that the repair and weatherization of existing wooden windows is more practical than most people realize, and that many windows are unfortunately replaced because of a lack of awareness of techniques for evaluation, repair, and weatherization. This historic double-hung window has many layers of paint, some cracked and missing putty, slight separation at the joints, broken sash cords, and one cracked pane. if removal is necessary, thoroughly investigate the structural detailing and seek appropriate professional consultation. Photo: NPS files. Architectural or Historical Significance 2. You need not sacrifice aesthetics or quality for efficiency if you choose our wood storms. Note that most of the points mentioned in Repair Class I are routine maintenance items and should be provided in a regular maintenance program for any building. 19 Wooden Shingle Roofs Before making the decision, here are three things to consider. The Restoration and Repair of Historic Stained and Leaded Glass. There are companies which still manufacture high quality wooden sash which would duplicate most historic sash. Repairing historic wood windows can be achieved with a step-by-step process. Home / How To Advice / Windows / Historic Wood Windows / Repairing wood windows. Continue looking until an acceptable replacement can be found. Costs: This repair using the dutchman method took 1.1 hours (66 minutes) and used $1.90 in materials. In our work we followed this guiding principle from the national Window Preservation Standards: “Window Preservation is maintaining, repairing and upgrading older and historic windows. 6 Dangers of Abrasive Cleaning 44 Awnings It may be useful, therefore, to take the following approach to frame repair: Another alternative may be considered if parts replacement is required, and that is sash replacement. Most windows should not require the extensive repairs discussed in this section. On this project we had guidelines from the Shakers to do effective low-cost repairs that respected the historic character and cultural significance of these windows. Download this feature article to learn more about restoring and replacing historic wood windows. Each individual piece can be repaired, restored, or replaced quite simply by the homeowner or local tradesman. The information will be useful, however, for the architect, contractor, or developer on large-scale projects. They can easily be taken apart to insert new rails or muntins (cross pieces separating the panes). The same caution about proper slope for flat surfaces applies to this technique. The back putty on the interior side of the pane should also be inspected, because it creates a seal which prevents condensation from running down into the joinery. Historic Window Styles. conduct regular maintenance of sound frames to achieve the longest life possible, make necessary repairs in place, wherever possible, using stabilization and splicing techniques, and. Arched top storms are available for windows with special shapes. 1. 47 Maintaining the Exterior Photo: NPS files. First, is the labor and maintenance required on your old windows worthwhile? However, the facts are something else. We did some research and determined that the windows were probably made onsite by Shaker craftsmen in the late 18th or early 19th century for an earlier building, and then re-used in the Shaker horse barn in the late 19th century. Removal of the upper sash on double-hung units is similar but the parting bead which holds it in place is set into a groove in the center of the stile and is thinner and more delicate than the interior stop. We proudly craft classic wood storm windows with a modern twist. "Sealing Leaky Windows." Repairing Historic Wood Windows: Sash Joint Dutchman Procedure. Once the evaluation of the windows is completed and the scope of the work is known, there may be a potential economy of scale. Learn More. Get your old windows repaired / restored and shine like new. Glue would limit that flexibility and trap moisture leading to decay. 33 Stained and Leaded Glass We offer historic windows in several design shapes including rectangle, round-top, eyebrow and gothic. The repairs discussed in this section involve window frames which may be in very deteriorated condition, possibly requiring removal; therefore, caution is in order. Pieces can be repaired or replaced, and then reassembled. Their design, craftsmanship, or other qualities may make them worthy of preservation. 4, 1971, or illustrated more recently in The Old House, Time-Life Books, Alexandria, Virginia, 1979. You can try to specify it if you like. Step 2. The first step in deciding whether to repair or replace your windows is determining the problem. 42 Cast Stone Many windows will show some additional degree of physical deterioration, especially in the vulnerable areas mentioned earlier, but even badly damaged windows can be repaired using simple processes. The window sash repair described here was part of a larger window preservation and barn repair project at the historic Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village in New Gloucester, ME. waterproof with two or three applications of boiled linseed oil (applications every 24 hours). If a rehabilitation project has a large number of windows such as a commercial building or an industrial complex, there may be less of a problem arriving at a solution. It is possible, however, for the advanced do-it-yourselfer or craftsman with a table saw to duplicate moulding profiles using techniques discussed by Gordie Whittington in "Simplified Methods for Reproducing Wood Mouldings," Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology, Vol. I can assure you that failures outnumber successes. So, I consider these more modern methods to have a proven service life measured in decades. The sash makers knew that the joints needed to flex and move a bit for long-term durability. This repair could be done without disassembling the sash. Many illustrations are new and in color; Captions are simplified and some complex charts are omitted. after a "skin" forms on the putty, paint the surface. The surface of the consolidated wood can then be filled with a semirigid epoxy patching compound, sanded and painted. 9 Wooden Windows Rolled vinyl strips may also be tacked into place in appropriate locations to reduce infiltration. Glazing compound should only be used on wood which has been brushed with linseed oil and primed with an oil based primer or paint. How to make wood window repairs. Step 3: Wood peg is tapped out of the joint with a drift pin. Some blows have hurt more than others. Windows are blamed for energy loss and the replacements are marketed and sold as an efficient alternative. Whole Part Renewal: Remove the broken stile from the sash. Weatherstripping of the sash and frame, replacement of the sash cords and reinstallation of the sash, parting bead, and stop required an hour and a half. Photo: NPS files. 35 Architectural Investigation As a project planner or designer you select a product, a contractor buys the product and a tradesperson installs the product. The process has been widely used and proven in marine applications; and proprietary products are available at hardware and marine supply stores. Include boilerplate from the manufacturers, and even more boilerplate from the window specialists themselves. If you do have to replace your historic windows because they are past the point of rescue, many of the covenants state that they have to be replaced in kind, with all-wood, single pane windows. These design options paired with our dozens of grille, trim and interior finish options combine to create thousands of historic window styles guaranteed to fit the style of your historic home or business. A non-thermal break, double-glazed metal window has a U-value of about 0.6. Learn basic preservation and documentation issues facing owners of buildings with leaded glass while also learning about common causes of deterioration and presents repair, restoration, and … Paint removal should begin on the interior frames, being careful to remove the paint from the interior stop and the parting bead, particularly along the seam where these stops meet the jamb. A wide variety of products are available to assist in this task. The interior stop may be initially loosened from the sash side to avoid visible scarring of the wood and then gradually pried loose using a pair of putty knives, working up and down the stop in small increments. Welcome to Mozer Works, Inc. We’re a full time historic restoration company that exclusively specializes in restoring old windows and entrance doors. 6.1 Windows a. Sash Windows b. Historic windows have usually acquired many layers of paint over time. 1, 1973): 5. Of course, this can work very well with a factory-made product, like a plastic window going into a new building. Pegged mortise and tenon units can be disassembled easily, if the units are out of the building. From a historic preservation point of view I wanted to preserve as much of the historic fabric of the sash as possible, but also I just felt like respecting the Shaker craftsman who originally made the sash by using a traditional repair method. 36 Cultural Landscapes Detailed technical advice is provided on their maintenance, repair and thermal upgrading as well as on their restoration. I definitely match the ring orientation, here on a slanting diagonal. The motivation behind this trend was the vast improvement in the manufacturing techniques of mass-produced vinyl and fiberglass framed window options, resulting in lower prices passed on to the consumer. When such a schedule is completed, it indicates the precise tasks to be performed in the repair of each unit and becomes a part of the specifications. Dutchman LayoutThe dutchman will lap onto adjacent sound wood. Much of the technical section presents repair techniques as an instructional guide for the do-it-yourselfer. Paint, putty and glass removal required about one hour for each sash, and the reglazing of both sash was accomplished in about one hour. The staff member found that the frame could be stripped of paint and the sash removed quite easily. (WindowStandards.org). Even up the split wood surfaces. The glazing putty should be checked for cracked, loose, or missing sections which allow water to saturate the wood, especially at the joints. Windows are an important architectural element in old houses. After all of the factors have been evaluated, windows should be considered significant to a building if they: Once this evaluation of significance has been completed, it is possible to proceed with planning appropriate treatments, beginning with an investigation of the physical condition of the windows. Photo: NPS files. 46 Gas Stations An advantage is that we can now easily take apart the sash for repairs. Woodworking mills may be interested in the work from a large project; new sash in volume may be considerably less expensive per unit; crews can be assembled and trained on site to perform all of the window repairs; and a few extensive repairs can be absorbed (without undue burden) into the total budget for a large number of sound windows. It will then be much easier to remove the stop, the parting bead and the sash. This occurs because the wood has far better insulating value than the metal, and in addition many historic windows have high ratios of wood to glass, thus reducing the area of highest heat transfer. 37 Lead-Paint Hazards Generally the actions necessary to return a window to "like new" condition will fall into three broad categories: These categories will be discussed in the following sections and will be referred to respectively as Repair Class I, Repair Class II, and Repair Class III. Three techniques for repairing partially decayed or weathered wood are discussed in this section, and all three can be accomplished using products available at most hardware stores. Some woodworking mills do not like to repair old sash because nails or other foreign objects in the sash can damage expensive knives (which cost far more than their profits on small repair jobs); others do not have cutting knives to duplicate muntin profiles. Historic wood windows are special compared to your average modern window in that they can be repaired. Epoxies for Wood Repairs in Historic Buildings. For a repair like the one above, to simply specify the installation of a particular wood product, and a particular adhesive product, would not give you any assurance of an effective durable repair. Sash can be removed and repaired in a convenient work area. Step 6: The dutchman is shaped out of matching wood. Previous owners had neglected routine upkeep, such … 41 Seismic Rehabilitation Attaching Weatherstripping Cut bronze strips to just fit the sides of the window frame and the bottom of the window. 25 Signage The ones which do are usually in buildings which have been abandoned for long periods or have totally lacked maintenance for years. The addition of a storm window should reduce these figures to a range of 0.44 to 0.49. Window Replacement 8. 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