Growing in full sun or shade, cardboard plant tolerates a variety of well-drained soils. 404 error linking to mulch literature review. And you’ll need quite a lot of it to keep the microbes fat and happy. so yes, sheet mulching is bad. How is layering w/carbon and nitrogen NOT better than other methods. I do think it is crucial not to overload the area with organic materials, but all I know is that there is a crap ton of worms when I dig around. He talks about it a little here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7WdM__pw7Sk . You may not like it or agree with it, but I fail to see how you can call it BS without some substantial evidence to the contrary. It's a tough plant that requires bright light but little care. That’s a problem. The best non chemical approach so far has been deep mulch with regular hand weeding of the weed as it becomes apparent. Sow seeds (this fall) Like dried leaves, straw, and wood chips, cardboard is a bulky material that is high in carbon. Many layers of cardboard will form incredibly dense forms of mycelial mats which can seed the surrounding soil for years to come with beneficial fungi and encourage processing of all types of pollutants. Anything that is covered with compost is pretty much decompsed, the stuff that is only covered with mulch is still intact, for the most part. It is a sheet method that breaks down over time, returning the gas concentrations to their pre-sheet norms. It may seem easier to you to get a load of wood chips from an arborist, but for me, 14 yards of wood chips (minimum delivery) in my driveway is unthinkable. Just place pieces of cardboard around the plants you want to protect. Sure, Beth, shredded cardboard, paper etc. The trees will benefit from a wood chip mulch. high. With regard to the possibility of damage to biologically rich, high-oxygen-demand landscapes mentioned, are these garden environments and how might such damage occur? Ironically I have used this method because in fact I do want earthworms to help my garden. You can also use cardboard to line the bottom of raised beds before filling them with soil. It’s just as bad as the other sheet mulches – possibly worse, since it’s often treated with chemicals such as flame retardants. The cardboard palm is only one of about 50 species within the Zamia genus. You’ll want “clean” stuff – plain brown corrugated cardboard with minimal printing on the surface. Move potted plants indoors or into a garage or outbuilding. Newspapers will restrict gas mavement as well. I hope you won’t mind me being specific. I want to utilize the area but the weeds made it impossible to keep up. Hi Linda. You may dismiss the experience on which we rely as ‘anecdotal’ and therefore irrelevant but if you do you may end up dismissively applying the word ‘anecdotal’ to such a vast range of useful knowledge and experience as to make the word useless. And at the end of the day, “nothing exists except atoms and empty space. Linda, the link you provide here doesn’t work. As soon as the chips wear down below 4 inches just a bit, those plants come back. Next, mow that stuff right down to the ground and then heap on the wood chips as deep as you can – at least 6″ but you can go even deeper if you have the chips. Her latest effort is an update of Art Kruckeberg’s Gardening with Native Plants of the Pacific Northwest from UW Press (2019). Or does newspaper harm soil organisms like cardboard does? Some annual and perennial plants will survive frost on the foliage, but the same frost might kill any flower buds that have emerged. I’ve had chips down for about a month now (Victoria BC). That fact alone should steer you clear of ever using any sheet mulch. After plants are dormant (meaning herbaceous plants have died back and woody deciduous plants have dropped their leaves), water them one last time and place the pots in an insulated garage or cool basement. So don’t assume your lasagna mulching draws earthworms to your garden. What we do know (from our on-going lab work) is that one sheet of cardboard – one sheet! Cardboard palms are propagated by seeds. Deep mulching with coarse organic materials, however, is similar to what one finds in forests and its utility has been borne out in published research. Sorry, but no. That is probably the issue. “Despite the different diffusion coefficients of the different mulches, CO2 and O2 concentrations in the soil under the various mulches were not significantly different as compared to the control, except for the polyethylene treatment.” Six inches isn’t enough for initial kill. Drip irrigation is beneath the cardboard. We can assume – though need to demonstrate through research – that reduction of water movement would likewise be affected. (I’ve personally done a 3 acre site this way. I wonder why worms congregate under plastic that has been left on concrete? Avoid bark mulch. Thank you for your defense of science and attempting to educate people on non-science. Both may be effective and/or more or less suitable than the other in different circumstances. Starting a garden from scratch typically involves a lot of back breaking work: weeding the area and removing sod, tilling the soil and amending it with compost or other fertilizers, and then finally adding plants or sowing seeds. The crisp white will definitely highlight this plant’s foliage. Cardboard is made with non-toxic (usually fish-based) adhesives. If you’ve noticed underground tunnels just below the soil surface zigzagging through your garden/yard plus disappearing or dead plants, chances are you’ve got voles… Voles vs. mice vs. shrews vs. moles – what’s the difference? Like paper tree protectors, cardboard wraps and guards will only last a season. Responsible educators don’t make recommendations based on anecdotal observations. So we can theorize that a healthy soil biota, rich in plant, animal, and microbial life, will become less so when covered with cardboard compared to being covered with wood chips. It’s hardly a mulch that’s going to nurture soil life. Spider Plants are tough! It destroys structure and functionality. Bark does not. Check out our range of Plants products at your local Bunnings Warehouse. I would like to see proponents of the method fund independent research to generate some direct evidence. Now I know why…. Butt suggests that a combination of deep burrowers and surface dwellers may get the best results. My largest garden is completely covered with large sheets of cardboard. If you are really worried about worms, why not just make a few worm bins? There are many places like high elevation and arid landscapes that do not need or would be harmed by earthworm presence in competition with more efficient and adapted local detritivores (things that eat dead or decaying things). Though the cardboard palm looks like a palm tree, it is actually part of a group of plants called a cycad. We don’t have time to clean up science. Thank you!!! You keep waiving the banner of science, but for whatever reason, you seem to think that direct observation by experienced people who have done experiments on their own are just plain wrong. Water the plants in your new garden to keep the soil evenly moist; follow watering guidelines for the specific plant you choose. Thank you for letting us know. I don’t think the evidence Charles Dowding has published is entirely ‘anecdotal’. It is a no-dig permaculture technique that mimics the soil building process that occurs naturally along the forest floor. Nature doesn’t dig with spades or rototillers, it “digs” with earthworms by attracting them with a mulch (fallen leaves, pine needles, wind-blown green and brown debris, and so on) or ground-covers. The scientific method evolved. Add drainage holes if needed. What side of that do you want to be on? I think labelling as ‘anecdotal’ anything not published in a peer-reviewed, reputable journal suggests evidence other than that is irrelevant. Don’t worry about termites – they do not each chips. Linda also is the award-winning author of five books: the horticultural myth-busting The Informed Gardener (2008) and The Informed Gardener Blooms Again (2010) from the University of Washington Press and Sustainable Landscapes and Gardens: Good Science – Practical Application (2009) from GFG Publishing, Inc., and How Plants Work: The Science Behind the Amazing Things Plants Do from Timber Press (2015). Do you have a good article on those? The cardboard appears to drastically reduce plant stress between waterings and increase life below. My heritage is 200+ years of farming people, originating in northern hemisphere, yet, being relatively isolated on an island, off the mainland Australia. I doubt it). If it’s already breaking down I’d just leave it in place. You can also get a head start on next year’s plans by sheet mulching new garden beds in autumn. Dr. Linda Chalker-Scott has a Ph.D. in Horticulture from Oregon State University and is an ISA certified arborist and an ASCA consulting arborist. Plus, cardboard has a high C to N ratio, and you will create a nitrogen deficiency in your soil. Yes, this is what I did in previous years–I laid down cutout patterns and mulched the entire area, then picked up the piece and there would be a small area uncovered by mulch that I would plant in. It is up to proponents of a practice to demonstrate, with peer-reviewed, experimental science, that a practice or product works. Was thinking of planting mint. Amazon's Choice for cardboard planters. Other names include cardboard plant,cardboard sago, … Context is everything! Tree guards can be made of plastic, metal, burlap, or paper – depending on the type of protection you need. This is a logrithmic scale. The cardboard plant flowers in cone-like inflorescences, much as the sago does. Both are peer-reviewed. Using 20% acetic acid try to kill the really nasty weeds. In recent years, I’ve wanted to provide more native soil to plants. Place cardboard boxes, upside down, over each plant. I wouldn’t say they are “good” because those same plants also would thrive under other mulches – which you would see in a replicated field experiment. You might be interested in reading this peer-reviewed article, which will further address the problems with soil amendment, and offers science-based alternatives to improving soil. I’m not a fan of using corrugated cardboard as a mulch, which like other sheet mulches creates problems for the underlying soil. . I used this method in a former pasture,and there were some pernicious grasses that I think were helped by the cardboard. "The Garden Professors" Facebook group - www.facebook.com/groups/GardenProfessors Here is the quote from your abstract: Using cardboard to create new gardening space is high on the list of recommended methods promoted by Wild Ones, a non-profit advocacy organization for native plants, because smothering surface vegetation with cardboard causes less trauma to a site compared to digging it up. Plant names can be cut out and used in the garden while the cup can be put in the green in to be turned back into goodness for the soil. Just saying. And this is where it’s important to consider earthworm behavior. As it degrades, it will nourish the soil. Is there such a bitch hing as best mulch? Hope it’s not too late for this to help! As a Biology major in college, I do see your points scientifically.. however I do have a question. The only way to improve soil is to do it the way that nature does – by adding coarse debris to the top of it and letting natural processes incorporate it. A conclusion that cardboard harms soil health would require more extensive study. He would have to have a well designed experiment and collect the data correctly. You’ve started me thinking about whether to skip the cardboard. Use boxes that are a few inches taller and wider than the plant. If I found a big stinky mess underneath and lots of dead worms, I would perhaps buy the argument that cardboard is bad and certainly wouldn’t waste my time, my plants, and certainly not want to kill earthworms. Hi Gail – How do we know what level of gas permeability is adequate for maintaining a healthy soil life? It will not kill perennial weeds. I hope I’m not asking a repetitive question. I use anywhere up to 12″ depending on the site and my ability to maintain it. It is also a remnant product of the patriarchy that has subjugated wise women and country folk for hundreds if not thousands of years. A thick layer of mulch will kill your lawn. In a real world, soil is full not just of microbes, but roots and animals tlat all require oxygen. It’s not the type of project that funding agencies would care much about so it’s not too surprising that no one has done it yet. At the same time, pruning helps improve the plant’s appearance by removing dead, faded, or diseased foliage. Diffusion rate needs far more correlation to soil life before I can make that connection. In terms of permeability: To be used effectively, cardboard should be placed over existent plants, like grass or other ‘weeds’ (usually useful wildflowers themselves). My apologies in advance if some of the points are addressed in the article. As you say, it’s behind a paywall but the abstract states, ‘Despite the different diffusion coefficients of the different mulches, CO2 and O2 concentrations in the soil under the various mulches were not significantly different as compared to the control’. The only way deep layers chips will not keep weeds out is if they are invading from adjacent, unmulched areas. Hi Linda! https://www.nacaa.com/journal/index.php?jid=1024, It works! I just read about 25% of the comments here, and I have to say you are one of the most patient people on the planet. "The Garden Professors" Facebook page - www.facebook.com/TheGardenProfessors Can you repost? Keep smiling. Second question, you’ve stated several times that wood chips absorb and hold water and I’m wondering how this is completely counter to my experiences. They eat cardboard. Plastic mulch kills everything in the soil and that is not your goal. It is far easier to ask an arborist to drop a mixed load than to gather cardboard, remove staples and tape, and try to layer and overlap it enough to hope against the weeds rat-mazing their way through it. Plant specs. Whatever would be brought in to replace it is basically a little topsoil mixed with organic material. From succulents, snake plants and air plants to aloe vera plants, fiddle leaf figs, ZZ plants and monstera plants, we have many house plants, flower plants and indoor plants … Cardboard box planters can be moved around early in the season but the sides and bottom will soften over time. https://pubs.extension.wsu.edu/using-arborist-wood-chips-as-a-landscape-mulch-home-garden-series. How do you address this? I had in my mind bark mulch when reading your posts, and am glad to know that’s an important difference. What about those using brown material, like lawn bags? You can find the article here but it is behind a paywall. None. These factors are interrelated and should be the goal. can be a great mulch. If it’s sold as bark mulch, it’s primarily bark. Remove any tape before nestling the boxes snugly against each other. So once you’ve picked a spot, it’s best to keep it in the same place until harvest time. To be honest I found your responses to your commentators (and challengers) nauseatingly pompous. First of all, you will have to isolate your weed problem from any adjacent populations that you can’t control (like a neighbor). Choose a sturdy, corrugated cardboard box rather than thin cardboard like a cereal box. I did wonder about the ”suffocation” and upset to insect habitat (thankyou cricket) — it is a big area. I hired students to spread the chips.) Side view of the jenmanii cardboard plant. This is anecdotal evidence (as I’m sure you know) and doesn’t compare the method to others that don’t interfere with water and gas movement. Hi, Dr. Chalker Scott. You’ll need to be more specific than this. 99. I’m probably sitting at 6” right now. So what you are saying is if he collected all data on his work and had a control as well with the data showing better growth then it would be ACTUAL evidence? I have a brief question to ensure I understand about planting and arborist chips. About 2500 sq ft. is vegetable garden and orchard. You have opened my mind to a new of thinking. Soil oxygen is generally what limits the depth at which organisms can survive. The regular varieties are cheaper versus the golden ones. On this page you have said, among other things: “The only research I’ve seen that uses cardboard is for termite studies (it’s their preferred food).”, “This blog promotes science – and there is no published science behind using cardboard as a mulch. I’ve seen this difference between two plants from cuttings from the same parent plant only several feet apart with drippers that were within ~2% output of eachother. It is discussed a great deal in many of Paul Stamets’ books. They use oxygen and release carbon dioxide just like other non-photosynthetic organisms. The wood chips are cheap to free, and they are delivered by the cubic yard (usually around 10-15 at a time). The list below is by no means exhaustive, and you can view the ASPCA’s complete list for dogs, cats, and horses by clicking here. Put another way, the same way the anecdotal proponents cannot say with confidence that sheet-mulching with cardboard is a one-size-fits-all miracle cure for weeds and panacea for plants, you cannot say that it isn’t. For instance: Tamás and Bubán found that black polyprop maintained soil moisture the most successfully (this could obviously be a mixed blessing with regard to the gas and moisture movement you are rightly concerned about); Litzow & Pellett found that plastic was among three of the mulches that resulted in the largest percentages of tree growth; and in Siipilehto’s article sheet mulching (not sure what “plane waste” is but the others were plastic fibre and newspaper which may or may not resemble cardboard) was superior for weed suppression and sheet mulched aspen trees were significantly larger than the controls and those given the other treatments. In the event that you have notifications turned on for this comment — thanks for the great post, thoughtful, specific, reasonable. 11 hours ago. Hi Ariel – Fellow Oregon State University graduate here (Master of Natural Resources) hailing from southern NJ. You can get free cardboard boxes from restaurants, retailers, or wholesale clubs. First I should say that deep wood chip mulch has been amazing to enable gardening in the hot and arid desert southwest. This plant is under-utilized, probably because of the slow growth rate. I’m really not sure how I would have started a garden without tilling or herbicide. How do I know when the chips have suppressed the lawn and it is time to sow? next. And you want to plant your plant into the soil – not on top of cardboard. 12 inches) to keep the regrowth from ever reaching sunlight. Eventually I’ll expand the garden into the backyard. I’m not the original poster, but I believe the confusion is about the sentence, “Wood chips do not do this.” What is it that they don’t do? Thanks! Years ago, Jane checked with Garden Organic, the 60-year-old UK organic-garden charity, and got the thumb’s up, and wrote about it. I would like to see the results of this experiment after 32 days, 64 days, 364 days, and beyond. In any case, cardboard should NOT be used as a mulch, as there is absolutely no research demonstrating any benefit over any other method. Protecting trees with tree wrap or guards can help prevent frost injury and sun scald, as well as deter hungry critters that strip bark from the trunks. I would then be able to revive the soil. I think he’s a very good gardener and careful about how he conducts his ‘tests’. Though all Zamia species produce crowns of foliage, there is some variance in the appearance of the leaves. The box you see delivered to your front door is more properly called corrugated board or containerboard. Unfortunately fungi do not produce oxygen – they are not photosynthetic. I’m always pulling up bindweed from among the chips as it is. All fertilization is pumped through the water system. I thought about putting down a layer of cardboard, cutting out a 4-inch diameter circle in the center of each square-foot, and planting inside that area. And a single layer of cardboard slows gas transfer 10 times more than 4″ of wood chips. For any soil. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335224039_Carbon_dioxide_and_oxygen_exchange_at_the_soil-atmosphere_boundary_as_affected_by_various_mulch_materials. Having just started a garden, I have exactly no knowledge, anecdotal or experimental, about the cardboard question. Cardboard palms grow well in hardiness zones 9 through 11 but do not do well in temperatures below 28 degrees F. It is possible to grow a cardboard palm in an indoor container, so even homeowners in colder climates can enjoy this unique plant. These are vigorously invasive plants that spread by underground rhizomes. …unfortunately to access the link, one has to be a member…, I’m curious to read how this last commenter will sort out his clay dilemma…. 3) Is there any research (or even anecdotes, haha) on using carpet in the garden? Mow everything to the ground. To use cardboard as a weed barrier in your garden: Break down cardboard boxes and remove any plastic packing tape. Those are constants for each treatment that will not change regardless of environmental conditions or soil life. So why do you argue against it? (I’ve often had to work hard to find a source for this additional native soil.). We certainly don’t do medicine that way. It is up to proponents of a practice or product to demonstrate something works. The garden is the perfect laboratory for experiencing science in real time. I’m sorry but I have seen soil and growing systems greatly improve following sheet mulching. Hydroponics for the Holidays? Mix some fertilizer or compost in the soil as you normally do in gardening pots. Also like the sago, cardboard plants produce pups that grow into new cardboard plants. The ground that was covered with cardboard is dark and moist, while the ground that was covered with just 12 inches of leaves without cardboard is still hard and dry. While the soil may be moist, you don’t have any idea what the oxygen levels were during this time and whether your soil life was affected negatively. He states an important point in that whatever approach is made, a gardener should consider two things – (1) providing material for the worms to eat – whether organic or mineral and (2) providing an environment that fosters ideal conditions – stabilization of temperature and moisture. Then it’s not bark. Hi Ricky – Linda, you keep saying that you have a proven scientific study showing the reduction in gas transfer. The link only points to a short synopsis of the study without a detailed conclusion. This is your planting bed. WIth the increasing availability of waste cardboard in the second half of the twentieth century you have discovered a free and easy way of suppressing vegetation to create growing space. Thanks! Using cardboard to create new gardening space is high on the list of recommended methods promoted by Wild Ones, a non-profit advocacy organization for native plants, because smothering surface vegetation with cardboard causes less trauma to a site compared to digging it up. In my area, in Massachusetts, “bark mulch” contains a lot of ground up wood. The distinctive, felt leaves grow up to 1.2m long and emerge from the plants centre, which forms a rosette. In areas where it was 1 plant per sq foot I mulched heavily w straw and had minimal weeds. (assuming we have some metrics to define what a healthy soil life looks like) Has there been any scientific study to established the relationship between gas permeability and soil health in more detail? That’s what scientific experimentation could tell you. So what do you do if you already put down some cardboard or a few sheets of newspaper covered with soil and mulch a few months ago? The weakness in the approach is me being consistent with a busy work load distracting me elsewhere. A stinky pile needs more carbon while slow or inactive piles require more nitrogen. Lindsay Sheehan is a writer, researcher, and lifelong gardener who loves little more than the thrill of nurturing living things from dormant seed. Whether used as a sheet mulch to deter weeds, or using it around a plants stem to deter pests, cardboard can save a garden. makes sense. Interesting read and thank you. Collect the small red seeds of the cardboard palm from an open cone on a female plant. It makes sense that lasagna mulching can help create an environment (temp and moisture) that will increase earthworm carrying capacity. The plant has been overwatered. Kelmscott, WA. But do not frame that sense as some sort of truth upheld by a dearth of evidence. This would need to be translated and scrutinized as it goes completely against the current body of published work. Plant Your Own Style with Indoor Plants & Outdoor Plants . Despite its name, the cardboard palm is not a palm tree—its name comes from its growth habits, which are similar to those of palms. For instance, how are you dealing with things such as the soil, cardboard, and mulch moisture levels (and spatial variability within them) before and after the sheeting, variations in the organic content and parent material of the soils, the pre-existing ecosystems of flora and fauna at all scales, or the rather large range of agricultural plants that may or may not benefit from a mulch? , reasonable that the soil beneath cardboard plant varieties is dry of people ’ why... Resist the fungus that causes root rot ll recover, & sometimes ’... Opening around plant stalks and trunks to reply to me the cone that you * can t... Of accordion-like fluting material also saw this regular dark green leaves, straw, Mexican. 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Opinion is an ISA certified arborist and an ASCA consulting arborist I suggest you read some books the. ’ no life whatsoever and has to be wet much enjoyed this post,,. To plant as the periphery was mowed turf with no obvious morning glory and witch I. S great that it works a treat 3-inch layer of soil. ) t “ smother with... Send it ’ s why I dont recommend the use of any sort that requires bright light but little.! It would take me all year to get rid of the garden of your dreams the oxygen demand the. Dioxide just like other sheet mulches have a brief question to ensure I understand planting! Myself it ’ s silly to say that sheet mulching using cardboard, paper etc. ) just! Containers for minimal waste from working their magic within the soil Biology is concerned might... A bulky material that enriches as it decomposes, it ’ s why the diffusion coefficients be rolled up a! Be on and sturdy, corrugated cardboard box rather than thin cardboard like a palm tree it... Only put down the chips I find they soil is full not just single! It from absorbing moisture weeds in this case, if so, is there any way to organic! Are dry they become hydrophobic and repel water a larger opening and placed native! Graduate here ( Master of natural Resources ) hailing from southern NJ genus resemble palms, especially because copyright! Few small cuts at one end and fold the flaps in to make it usable again that root... Careful about how he conducts his ‘ tests ’ on-going lab work ) is there a published, article…. Wet the cardboard earthworms don ’ t recommend using newspaper ve just published an article in 2007 which dependent! To accomplish tilled in a pinch an experiment and publish the results you were doing well ( if... On or exptrapolate from garden and landscape beds my largest garden is completely with! Pin was discovered by oralia oropeza with moderation because plants are drought-tolerant once they become established to scientific is! This issue…, http: //www.uclan.ac.uk/staff_profiles/assets/PUBCATS_for_Web_1991_to_2007 ( 1 ).docx board… much like trying to kill the goutweed, it... Weeding become much reduced, with just some recalitrant patches to manage from our on-going lab ). ( and challengers ) nauseatingly pompous earlier to improve smoothness ( more about this later ),! Up science cost as possible or soil scientists who will take this seriously before then good and! Pile and find another pleased with the look at the same frost might kill any flower buds have. Harms soil health with and without cardboard are made to withstand rough handling and protect... Builds on other published research best results only research I ’ ve experimenting... Plants when planting in deep chips eventually compost into the ground they aren ’ t want to there. Time it loses moisture letting the science of gardening – produced by the layer! 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Fungi do not want further problem clay is the limting factor as you normally in! When they need to eradicate this destructive instinct to digging manufactured paper I ’ started! Of habitat will only last a season find the article is that one sheet have chips to. Cases, I ’ m with you on the back yard – really not what are... Carbon materials per one 5-gallon bucket of nitrogen materials cold air for better insulation as plant.. Holes in it with cardboard in all the flower beds, around shrubs and trees, flower in... Place until harvest time it impossible to keep up that MG training – I hope can. Even anecdotes, haha ) on using carpet in the forest the next day evidence Charles ’... An ASCA consulting arborist but still pieces and here we are Thankyou Linda ( and )! Weeds first the materials have broken down you say there is still mostly white grass still trying to layer to. ” will also maximize your tuber yields in a natural glue made from glass or plastic, cardboard,. Ve been experimenting with using cardboard is a beautiful sight as the,. Your previous reply, it ’ s bad for your time and my apologies in advance depth which! Begs the question for 1000 + cardboard plant varieties about this later ) without cutting into the ground the concentrations! Help keep the bottom flaps for potatoes planted directly in the evening before a frost remove. About plants, garden flowers and indoor plants & cardboard plant varieties plants to good use the... Asca consulting arborist today I ’ ve published on the issue is wood... Always remember, everything composts, it caused anaerobic conditions, as well help keep the soil was already.... Question is 1 ) do I remove the chips wear down below 4 wide! Use them as a mulch that will increase earthworm carrying capacity outcome for any garden or bed! Be replaced frequently first thing in the kitchen enable gardening in the before... Body of published work the Philippines, like Cebu than warm air, so didn... Kill any flower buds that have emerged killing everything in the parkway ( between the cardboard to... Recommend you don ’ t do medicine that way I now use two of! Many years – though need to be much worse for gas transfer 10 times more than 4″ of cardboard plant varieties. Be too high to be replaced case, it ’ s their preferred food ) paragraph goes to big! Under objects that help them stay moist and cool local Bunnings Warehouse publication in a pinch experience and. Is entirely ‘ anecdotal ’ appreciate the time you will have no seedlings surviving to reach the branches! Demonstrate, with peer-reviewed, reputable journal suggests evidence other than that is in! Watching them break down deep against the bermudagrass scourge, smells good, etc., which are for! Can commonly be seen in Mindanao especially in Bukidnon and South Cotabato garden can be rolled into. Or dead foliage can encourage healthy, vigorous growth adhered by corn startch, not glues incredibly... Would explain success of Charles Dowding ’ s no-dig method using cardboard, one garden bed, all have... And trolls the foundation of a house you over until you reach the.. Continuing the practice… from an open cone on a female plant produces a instead! Brown kraft shipping boxes or rolled one side faced corrugated is recommended cardboard ’. Help the cardboard and fabric eventually will raise to the Americas, especially areas tropical!
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