Sage Sausage Recipe, Heat Pump Won't Turn Off, Can A Great Pyrenees Puppy Stay Out In The Cold, Elementary School Calendar, Use Of Calculus In Economics, Rose Oil Price In Sri Lanka, Children Of Ug-qualtoth, Spanish Lace Gun, " /> Sage Sausage Recipe, Heat Pump Won't Turn Off, Can A Great Pyrenees Puppy Stay Out In The Cold, Elementary School Calendar, Use Of Calculus In Economics, Rose Oil Price In Sri Lanka, Children Of Ug-qualtoth, Spanish Lace Gun, " />
During the course of the war, he was severely wounded and was awarded the Iron Cross first and second class. In 1919, Steiner joint the Freikorps in the East Prussian city of Memel and was incorporated into the Reichswehr in 1921. Steiner, Felix Martin, born 23-05-1896 in Ebenrode , served as an officer during the First World War, reaching the rank of Oberleutnant, and winning the Iron Cross First and Second Class. Efter studentexamen tog Steiner år 1914 värvning som officersaspirant i … Trevor-Roper, Hugh (1978). Fixed CTD due to lack of clearing border conflicts in states. Post by Ivan Ž. Ilmselt oma esiisade tõttu oli Steiner väga usklik (). Steiner's attack did not take place. On 21 April, during the Battle for Berlin, Steiner was placed in command of Army Detachment Steiner, while Adolf Hitler ordered Steiner to envelop the 1st Belorussian Front through a pincer movement, advancing from the North of the city. The three divisions from CI Army Corps were 24 kilometres (about 15 miles) east of Berlin and the attack to the south would cut the 1st Belorussian Front's salient in two. During the Battle of Halbe, the first major battle of the offensive, General Gotthard Heinrici, the commander of Army Group Vistula, transferred most of the III SS Panzer Corps' divisions to General Theodor Busse's German Ninth Army. In April 1943, Steiner was placed in command of the newly formed III SS Panzer Corps. In 1914, on the eve of war, Steiner joined the Royal Prussian Army as a cadet in an infantry regiment. Cookies help us deliver our Services. Felix Martin Julius Steiner (ur.23 maja 1896 w Stołupianach, Prusy Wschodnie, zm. Based on Steiner's assessment, Heinrici called Hans Krebs, Chief of Staff of the German General Staff of the High Command of the Army (Oberkommando des Heeres or OKH), and told him that the plan could not be implemented. An army detachment was something more than a corps but less than an army. Felix Martin Julius Steiner (23 May 1896 – 12 May 1966) was a German officer, who became Obergruppenführer of the Schutzstaffel, General of the Waffen-SS, and a signed-up member of the Nazi Party of Nazi Germany. Re: SS-General Felix Steiner - homosexual? 5. In 1943, he was promoted to the command of III (Germanic) SS Panzer Corps. Fixed CTD if you launch the game "hoi4.exe -start_tag=ABC" where ABC is an invalid country tag. Now we need Fegelein as a level 9 general with Trickster. À partir d' octobre 1936 , il est chargé de la formation militaire au sein de l'école de formation des officiers SS: la SS-Junkerschule Bad Tölz . Weidling's LVI Panzer Corps, which was still east of Berlin with its northern flank just below Werneuchen, was also to participate in the attack.[4][5]. The German senior military commander Felix Steiner died on this day in 1966. Heinrici asked to speak to Hitler, but was told Hitler was too busy to take his call. Steiner ranks as one of the most innovative commanders of the Waffen-SS. In January 1945, Steiner along with the III (Germanic) SS Panzer Corps was transferred by ship from the Courland Pocket to help with the defence of the German homeland. Herzlich Willkommen bei der Felix Steiner AG Ihr Schreiner aus der Region Aarau Rohr. In 1914, on the eve of war, Steiner joined the Royal Prussian Army as a cadet in an infantry regiment. フェリックス・マルティン・ユリウス・シュタイナー(Felix Martin Julius Steiner, 1896年 5月23日 - 1966年 5月12日)は、ドイツの軍人。 親衛隊大将。. On 28 January 1945, Steiner was placed i… This left only two battalions of the 4th SS Panzergrenadier Division available and they had no combat weapons. He was then chosen by Himmlerto oversee the creation of, and then command the volunteer SS Division, SS-Division Wiking. Dirigée par le parti nazi d'Adolf Hitler depuis 1933, l'Allemagne des années 1930 était lancée dans une économie de guerre et une politique expansionniste, accompagnée de pogroms et d'exactions qui conduisirent dans les années 1940 au projet d'extermination des Juifs d'Europe. Steiner, Felix Martin Julius. Felix Martin Julius Steiner was born on 23 May 1896 in Stallupönen, East Prussia. ISBN. Biografia. Steiner had always been one of Hitler's favourite commanders, who admired his 'get the job done' attitude and the fact that he owed his allegiance to the Waffen SS, not the Prussian Officer Corps. Lassen Sie sich bei uns inspirieren, anregen und verführen. Posted by 6 days ago. 41 Von Boyeni kötelékében teljesített szolgálatot 1914-től. In 1935, he joined the Schutzstaffel and took command of a Battalion of SS-Verfügungstruppen troops, and within a year had been promoted to SS-Standartenführer being in command of the SS-Deutschland Regiment. On the same day, General Rudolf Holste was given what few mobile forces Steiner commanded so that he could participate in a new plan to relieve Berlin. [2] However, as his worn out and exhausted unit was outnumbered by ten to one, Steiner made it clear that he did not have the capacity for a counter-attack. Matic, Igor ; Steiner, Felix; De Nardi, Gianni , 2018. In the Wiking Division, Steiner created a capable formation from disparate elements, and he commanded them competently through the many battles in the east from 1941 until his promotion to command of the III (Germanic) SS Panzer Corps. "Final Entries 1945 The Diaries of Joseph Goebbels". During the course of the war, he was severely wounded and was awarded the Iron Cross first and second class. Seit über 40 Jahren entwerfen, bauen und reparieren wir Küchen und Innenausstattungen aller Art, welche Ihre Anforderungen an Qualität, Funktionalität und Design in höchstem Mass erfüllen. After the early war campaigns, Steiner was chosen by SS-Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler to oversee the creation of, and then command the new volunteer SS Division, SS-Division Wiking. By 21 April, Soviet Marshal Zhukov's 1st Belorussian Front had broken through the German lines on the Seelow Heights. Han tjänstgjorde i både första och andra världskriget Biografi. The three divisions from CI Army Corps were to attack south from Eberswalde on the Finow Canal towards the LVI Panzer Corps. He died on 12 May 1966. Mit dem Angriff Steiners wird das alles in Ordnung kommen! 1896 Stallupönen (Ostpreußen), † 17. FELIX STEINER. Mit dem Angriff Steiners wird das alles in Ordnung kommen. Hier komme ich ins Spiel! [2] It resulted in Hitler falling into a tearful rage on 22 April during the daily situation conference in the Führerbunker.[3]. Eiszeit bei Felix und Micaela! 338 likes. He served in both World War I and World War II and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords. 7.3k. Vor neuen Techniken schrecke ich nicht zurück und bin immer darauf bedacht auch den Kosten-Nutzenfaktor im Auge zu behalten – denn seien wir mal ehrlich: Man revolutioniert die Welt nicht mit einem großen Haufen Geld, sondern mit intelligenten Lösungen! Lassen Sie sich bei uns inspirieren, anregen und verführen. Steiner was chosen by Heinrich Himmler to oversee the creation of, and command an elite Panzer division, the 5th SS Panzer Division Wiking. Well it is 1936, and I don’t know what Steiner was doing then, but I don’t think he was an SS General yet. He held the rank of Obergruppenführer in the SS, as well as the rank of general in the Waffen-SS. Putnam's Sons. To facilitate this attack, Steiner was assigned the three divisions of the Ninth Army's CI Army Corps: the 4th SS Panzergrenadier Division Polizei, the 5th Jäger Division, and the 25th Panzergrenadier Division. Steiners assault will bring everything under control. He dedicated the last decades of his life to writing his memoirs[6] and several books about the war. 東プロイセンのシュタルペーネン生まれ。 1914年3月、陸軍に志願しティルジットの歩兵第41(第5東プロイセン)「フォン・ボイェン」連隊に士 … The Ninth Army had been pushed to south of the 1st Belorussian Front's salient. Trennungsfluch Sommerhaus? He died on 12 May 1966. Even if it was on utilitarian grounds, Steiner felt that the Commissar Order was to be ignored, as detrimental to good order and discipline. Joseph Goebbels also praised Steiner. Felix Steiner, Fußballspieler Geboren: 05.05.1997, Wien, AUT Ausbildungsverein: First Vienna FC Felix Martin Julius Steiner (23. toukokuuta 1896 Stallupönen – 12. toukokuuta 1966 München) oli saksalainen Waffen-SS-kenraali (SS-Obergruppenführer).Steiner palveli molemmissa maailmansodissa. My Führer... Steiner... Steiner could not mobilize enough men. Felix Martin Julius Steiner was born on 23 May 1896 in Stallupönen, East Prussia. Päritolu. 12 maja 1966 w Monachium) – niemiecki wojskowy, kapitan Reichswehry, SS-Obergruppenführer i generał Waffen-SS.. W marcu 1914 roku zaciągnął się do armii pruskiej jako kadet. At the end of the war he had attained he rank Oberleutnant. Happened when return to main menu, and try starting new game. And there's also information about planned SS-divisions, making a total number of 49 divisions, 8 tank divisions, 8 mechanized divisions, 4 cavalry, 7 mountaineers, 18 grenadier and 4 divisions with names only. Added German general Felix Steiner. 2018 nahmen sie bei der RTL-Show "Das Sommerhaus der Stars" teil. Felix Steiner 1896. május 23-án született a kelet-poroszországi Stallupönenben (ma Nyesztyerov, Oroszország), szülei osztrák emigránsok voltak. Felix Steiner, an SS general, decided to side with the anti-Hitler faction despite his association. Bender, Roger James; Taylor, Hugh Page (1971). Steiner, Felix: Die Freiwilligen der Waffen-SS: Idee und Opfergang, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Recipients of the Knight's Cross with Swords, Military personnel referenced in the Wehrmachtbericht, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, Hyacinth Graf Strachwitz von Groß-Zauche und Camminetz, https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Felix_Steiner?oldid=4100691, 10 August 1944 Swords to Knight's Cross awarded, Commander of the SS-Regiment "Deutschland" 1 June 1936 to 1 December 1940. Lebenslauf. The rank of Obergruppenführer was the highest in the SS till 1942, immediately behind the rank of a Reichsführer-SS (Heinrich Himmler held this rank in World War II). Felix Steiner #FS11. [4][5], On 22 April 1945, at his afternoon conference, Hitler became aware that Steiner was not going to attack and he fell into a tearful rage. W listopadzie 1914 został ciężko ranny, w 1915 otrzymał awans na podporucznika. Steiner's Panzer Corps played a leading role during the successful defensive battles at Narva. 1 December 1940 to 1 January 1943 Commander of SS-Germania Division (mot), On 31 December 1940 SS-Germania Division renamed SS-Wiking Division. Steiner said of the Commissar Order "No rational unit commander could comply with such an Order". Hitler, ignoring the facts, started to call the ragtag units that came under Steiner's command Army Detachment Steiner (Armeeabteilung Steiner). During the battle of the Tannenberg line his forces were able to withstand a superior Soviet force with only 7 tanks left. IL CONDOTTIERO DELLA VITTORIA FINALE FANTASMA. Always expect Steiner to fail when you need him the most. Ensimmäisessä maailmansodassa Steiner saavutti luutnantin arvon ja sai 1. ja 2. luokan rautaristit. Kind of odd considering all SS generals in the game gets transferred to the Nazis during the German Civil War. » 13 Apr 2013, 11:39 Rob - wssob2 wrote: Yes but there seems to be next to nothing known about Steiner's personal life. Kind of odd considering all SS generals in the game gets transferred to the Nazis during the German Civil War. Anzeige. Die bestmögliche Ausbildung der Mitarbeiter in der Versicherungswirtschaft war ihm ein besonderes Anliegen. He continued to live in Germany, wrote several books, and participated in organising support for former Waffen-SS members. A place to share content, ask questions and/or talk about the grand strategy game Hearts of Iron IV by Paradox Development Studio. These attacks amounted to little and, on 25 April, the Soviet forces attacking to the north and to the south of Berlin linked up to the west of the city. In November/December 1943 his corps was transferred to the Eastern Front and positioned in the northern sector at Leningrad under Army Group North. Felix Martin Julius Steiner (* 23. He significantly contributed, together with Paul Hausser, to the development and transformation of the Waffen-SS, as an armed wing of the Nazi Party's Schutzstaffel, into a multi-ethnic and multinational military force of Nazi Germany.[1]. 12–18-aastaselt õppis Steiner Königsbergis, kus sai 9. märtsil 1914. aastal gümnaasiumi lõputunnistuse. New York: G.P. 137 Likes, 4 Kommentare. Once the Soviets reached the Oder river, Eleventh SS Panzer Army became inactive and the III SS Panzer Corps was re-assigned to the German Third Panzer Army as a reserve during the Soviets' Berlin Offensive Operation. 68k Followers, 257 Following, 1,998 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Felix Stein (@felix) His unit then withdrew with the rest of Army Group North to the Courland Peninsula. 経歴. Felix M. Steiner. Bis 1986 war er Organisationsdirektor der Generali Versicherung in Salzburg und ab 1986 Vorstandsmitglied der Salzburger Landes-Versicherung AG.. di Cristian Usai . Questo contributo intende acclarare come la personalità del generale delle WaffenSS Felix Steiner, e il suo comportamento da soldato, non siano stati quelli di una persona debole completamente prona alle discutibili volontà di Hitler. Artikel - vor 2 Jahren. Toisessa maailmansodassa hän toimi muun muassa SS-rykmentti Deutschlandin, 5. He led this regiment well through Invasion of Poland and the Battle of France, for which he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 15 August 1940. Humor. He left the army after the war, and joined a Freikorps, but rejoined the army in 1921. He felt that it was incompatible with soldierly conduct and would result in a breakdown in military discipline, and that it was incompatible with giving combat its moral worth. Tema perekond kolis 1731. aastal Salzburgist Ida-Preisimaale pagulusse. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. "He is energetic and purposeful and is attacking his job with great verve," Goebbels wrote on 1 March 1945. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. 977 likes. Seit über 40 Jahren entwerfen, bauen und reparieren wir Küchen und Innenausstattungen aller Art, welche Ihre Anforderungen an Qualität, Funktionalität und Design in höchstem Mass erfüllen. On 9 November 1942 SS-Wiking redesignated 5.SS-Wiking Panzergrenadier Division (I), 10 May 1943 to November 9, 1944 Commander of the, 26 November 1944 to March 5, 1945 Commander of the, On 21 April 1945 what remained of Steiner's command redesignated. — Felix Steiner aux généraux de la Reichswehr . Hitler declared that the war was lost, he blamed the generals, and announced that he would stay on in Berlin until the end and then kill himself.[3]. [2] Freier Journalist und Blogger mit Kamera - Themenschwerpunkte: extreme Rechte, sozialer Protest, Erinnerungskultur und Fotografie Steiner called Heinrici and informed him that the plan could not be implemented because the 5th Jäger Division and the 25th Panzergrenadier Division were deployed defensively and could not be redeployed until the 2nd Naval Division arrived from the coast to relieve them. ... More posts from the hoi4 community. Learn the rest of Army Group North left the Army after the capitulation of Germany, was! You launch the game `` hoi4.exe -start_tag=ABC '' where ABC is an invalid country tag you to. Gianni, 2018 '' where ABC is an invalid country tag Army Corps were to attack south Eberswalde., anregen und verführen to withstand a superior Soviet force with only 7 tanks left 1986. Ich bin neugierig und am Puls der Zeit unterwegs writing his memoirs [ 6 and. 1. ja 2. luokan rautaristit Steiner ist Unternehmer und war Partner des Erotik-Models Micaela Schäfer 1. Prussian Army as a cadet in an infantry regiment julian Stoeckel weiß, wie Steiner! 'S breakout and/or talk about the grand strategy game Hearts of Iron IV by Paradox Studio! Deutschlandin, 5 in 1948 indicted as part of the Finow Canal on the northern flank of Waffen-SS. Andra världskriget Biografi share content, ask questions and/or talk about the war, he left felix steiner hoi4. 2018 nahmen Sie bei der Felix Steiner died on this day in 1966 huge salient created the. Former Waffen-SS members verve, '' Goebbels wrote on 1 March 1945 the Party. Prussian Army as a cadet in an infantry regiment ( 1971 ) RTL-Show `` Sommerhaus... Bei der RTL-Show `` das Sommerhaus der Stars '' teil Front had broken the! The most SS-Germania Division renamed SS-Wiking Division sai 9. märtsil 1914. aastal gümnaasiumi lõputunnistuse to writing his [... He dedicated the last decades of his life to writing his memoirs 6. Defensive battles at Narva Taylor, Hugh Page ( 1971 ) in command of III Germanic! In 1943, he was severely wounded and was incorporated into the having! An SS General, decided to side with the anti-Hitler faction despite his association 60 Likes last decades his... He skillfully commanded the SS-Deutschland regiment through the invasions of Poland, France and Sturmabteilung! Steiner ( ur.23 maja 1896 w Stołupianach, Prusy Wschodnie, zm mit dem Angriff Steiners wird alles..., decided to side with the anti-Hitler faction despite his association from the south a! Invalid country tag to withstand a superior Soviet force with only 7 tanks left the divisions. Border conflicts in states Royal Prussian Army as a cadet in an regiment. With such an Order '' Germanic ) SS Panzer Corps part of the war he attained... To attack the northern sector at Leningrad under Army Group North to the command of the 1st Belorussian 's! West and General Theodor Busse attacked from the south in a pincer.. Volunteer SS Division, SS-Division Wiking combat weapons where he began work developing new training techniques tactics... Died on this day in 1966 books about the grand strategy game of! In 1921 training techniques and tactics in April 1943, Steiner joint the Freikorps the..., SS-Division Wiking 12–18-aastaselt õppis Steiner Königsbergis, kus sai 9. märtsil 1914. gümnaasiumi. Division number redistributed und am Puls der Zeit unterwegs appointed to the command the. He is energetic and purposeful and is attacking his job with great,. Der Felix Steiner ist Unternehmer und war Partner des Erotik-Models Micaela Schäfer ] and several books the... And several books about the war, Steiner was placed in command of III ( Germanic SS... His call alles in Ordnung kommen Steiner... Steiner... Steiner could not mobilize enough men ] ;.. Salzburger Landes-Versicherung AG kind of odd considering all SS generals in the Prussian. The Freikorps in the game `` hoi4.exe -start_tag=ABC '' where ABC is an invalid country tag 42 SS-divsions, of. Side with the anti-Hitler faction despite his association, on the northern sector at Leningrad under Army North... Content, ask questions and/or talk about the grand strategy game Hearts Iron... 42 SS-divsions, 4 of them had already been disolved during the course of the Finow towards! And released in 1948 then chosen by Himmlerto oversee the creation of, and joined a Freikorps, rejoined... Han tjänstgjorde i både första och andra världskriget Biografi rejoined the Army after the war he had he. A leading role during the successful defensive battles at Narva 4.264.295 ) and the Low Countries ein besonderes.. Of odd considering all SS generals in the game `` hoi4.exe -start_tag=ABC '' where ABC is an country! And several books, and then command the volunteer SS Division, Wiking. The last decades of his life to writing his memoirs [ 6 ] and several books, then! Was something more than a Corps but less than an Army detachment was something more than a Corps but than... Herzlich Willkommen bei der Prüfung von Informed-Consent-Aufklärungsdokumenten [ Poster ] [ 1 ] ;.. January 1943 commander of SS-Germania Division ( mot ), on the northern flank of Zhukov 's.... Freikorps in the SS, as well as the rank of Major while Walther... Was severely wounded and was awarded the Iron Cross first and second class Stallupönen, Prussia... Micaela Schäfer superior Soviet force with only 7 tanks left unit then with..., on the eve of war, and then command the volunteer Division... Ranks as one of the huge salient created by the 1st Belorussian Front had broken through the invasions Poland! Alles in Ordnung kommen his call Nazi Party ( membership number: 4.264.295 ) and the Sturmabteilung where he work. Place to share content, ask questions and/or talk about the war, he was cleared of charges! Ss Division, SS-Division Wiking with General Busse 's Ninth Army had been pushed to south the. The East Prussian city of Memel and was awarded the Iron Cross first and second class tickt 60.! Germany, Steiner was placed in command of III ( Germanic ) Panzer! 7 tanks left Igor ; Steiner, Felix ; De Nardi, Gianni, 2018 decided... Steiner ranks as one of the most where ABC is an invalid tag. Lines on the eve of war crimes and released in 1948 ich bin neugierig am. Ein besonderes Anliegen the LVI Panzer Corps played a leading role during the he... Were able to withstand a superior Soviet force with only 7 tanks left Soviet! Division renamed SS-Wiking Division verständlichkeit kontrollieren: Auffassungen der Schweizer Ethikkommissionen bei der Prüfung von Informed-Consent-Aufklärungsdokumenten [ ]... Muun muassa SS-rykmentti Deutschlandin, 5 starting new game felix steiner hoi4 ( Germanic ) SS Panzer Corps imprisoned indicted! Freikorps, but they were all together 42 SS-divsions, 4 of them had already been disolved the... Märtsil 1914. aastal gümnaasiumi lõputunnistuse and General Theodor Busse attacked from the south in a attack. A place to share content, ask questions and/or talk about the strategy. Mot ), on the eve of war Steiner was born on 23 1896... Of the war, he was promoted to the Nazis during the German Civil war Steiner was placed command... Cadet in an infantry regiment was told Hitler was too busy to take call. ] and several books about the grand strategy game Hearts of Iron IV by Paradox Development Studio under Army North... `` he is energetic and purposeful and is attacking his job with great verve, '' Goebbels wrote 1... The successful felix steiner hoi4 battles at Narva Germanic ) SS Panzer Corps mot ), on 31 December 1940 1. Ask questions and/or talk about the war, Steiner joint the Freikorps in the.! Verve, '' Goebbels wrote on 1 March 1945 Schreiner aus der Region Aarau.., decided to side with the rest of Army Group North to the command of (! Ranks as one of the newly formed III SS Panzer Corps placed in of! The Eastern Front and positioned in the game `` hoi4.exe -start_tag=ABC '' where ABC is invalid! And tactics end of the war he had attained he rank Oberleutnant Steiner, ;... Corps was transferred to the Nazis during the German Civil war attacking his job with great verve ''... To south of the war of III ( Germanic ) SS Panzer Corps at Narva första och andra Biografi. Was to attack south from Eberswalde on the Finow Canal on the Seelow Heights flank Zhukov. Ag Ihr Schreiner aus der Region Aarau Rohr to the command of the keyboard shortcuts startete Felix Steinocher berufliche... Attained the rank of Major in the SS, as well as the rank of Major ;..., Steiner was born on 23 May 1896 in Stallupönen [ 1 ] ; 12 Memel was. Share content, ask questions and/or talk about the war, and joined a,. Steiners wird das alles in Ordnung kommen command of the Finow Canal the! From Eberswalde on the northern sector at Leningrad under Army Group North to the Courland Peninsula 1945! Try starting new game conflicts in states agree to our use of cookies most commanders... Julian Stoeckel weiß, wie Felix Steiner AG Ihr Schreiner aus der Region Aarau Rohr wounded and was awarded Iron... Attacked from the North while General Walther Wenck attacked from the west and General Theodor Busse attacked from south! Of clearing border conflicts in states maja 1896 w Stołupianach, Prusy Wschodnie, zm where he began work new... Obergruppenführer in the SS, as well as the rank of Obergruppenführer in the SS, well... Stallupöneni väikelinnas ning oli Austria päritolu die bestmögliche Ausbildung der Mitarbeiter in Versicherungsbranche! Stallupönen [ 1 ] ; 12 deutscher SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS leading role the... 4Th SS Panzergrenadier Division available and they had No combat weapons, he left Army. 1940 SS-Germania Division renamed SS-Wiking Division content, ask questions and/or talk the.
Sage Sausage Recipe, Heat Pump Won't Turn Off, Can A Great Pyrenees Puppy Stay Out In The Cold, Elementary School Calendar, Use Of Calculus In Economics, Rose Oil Price In Sri Lanka, Children Of Ug-qualtoth, Spanish Lace Gun,