Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Цветков В. Ж. Белый террор – преступление или наказание? Aleksandr Vasiliyevich Kolchak (russo: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Колча́к, 16 de novembro de 1874 — 7 de fevereiro de 1920) foi um comandante naval russo, um explorador polar e antigo líder de parte do Exército Branco durante a guerra civil russa. It provided a term of five years of prison for "individuals considered a threat to the public order because of their ties in any way with the Bollshevik revolt." I crossed myself with tears of joy. The White Army under the command of General Vladimir Kappel advanced toward Irkutsk while Kolchak was interrogated by a commission of five men representing the Revolutionary Committee (REVKOM) during nine days between 21 January and 6 February. “With great sorrow, the Chief Board of the Union of the Descendants of Gallipoli informs you that this morning, March 9, 2019, Alexander Rostis Kolchak, grandson of Admiral Alexander V. Kolchak, the Supreme Ruler of Russia, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, departed to … Returning to Saint Petersburg in April 1905, Kolchak was promoted to lieutenant commander. My chief aims are the organisation of a fighting force, the overthrow of Bolshevism, and the establishment of law and order, so that the Russian people may be able to choose a form of government in accordance with its desire and to realise the high ideas of liberty and freedom. 4 November] 1874 – 7 February 1920) was a polar explorer and commander in the Imperial Russian Navy, who fought in the Russo-Japanese War and the First World War. Sophia and Alexander got married on March 5, 1904 in Irkutsk. McGill-Queens University Press, 1996. Kolchak was born in 1874 in the city of St. Petersburg. "Insults written, printed, and oral, are punishable by imprisonment under Article 103. The arrested SR politicians were expelled from Siberia and ended up in Europe. As the blockade of the port tightened and the Siege of Port Arthur intensified, he was given command of a coastal artillery battery. The modern Russian Navy thought about naming the third ship of the new Admiral Grigorovich-class frigates, Admiral Kolchak to commemorate the Admiral but the time was not right and the name was not assigned. Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak (Russian: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Колча́к, 16 November [O.S. The legislation was published in the Omsk newspaper Omsk Gazette (no. He joined the Russian Navy and served in Vladivostok (1895-1899). Arriving in Omsk, Siberia, en route to enlisting with the Volunteer Army, he agreed to become a minister in the (White) Siberian Regional Government. Kolchak also came under threat from other quarters: local opponents began to agitate and international support began to wane, with even the British turning more towards Denikin. Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak was born in 1874 near St. Petersburg. In the early stages of the Russo-Japanese War, he served as watch officer on the cruiser Askold,[3] and later commanded the destroyer Serdityi. The newly formed Red Army proved unwilling to fight and retreated, allowing the Whites to advance to a line stretching from Glazov through Orenburg to Uralsk. In November 1918, the unpopular regional government was overthrown in a British sponsored coup d'etat. Cambridge University press, 1996. Alexander Kolchak (1874-1920) served as an admiral in the Imperial Navy. He also was tasked with the job of countering any U-boat threat and to begin planning an invasion of the Bosphorus (which was never carried out). When he heard of this on 4 January 1920, he announced his resignation, giving his office to Denikin and passing control of his remaining forces around Irkutsk to the ataman, G. M. Semyonov. As there was a continued flood of refugees eastwards, typhus became a serious problem. The Left SR leaders in Russia denounced Kolchak and called for him to be killed. Not far from Irkutsk, he received notice of the start of war with the Empire of Japan and hastily summoned his bride and her father to Siberia by telegram for a wedding before heading directly to Port Arthur. At the outbreak of World War I, Kolchak was flag captain of the Baltic fleet. Kolchak was unfamiliar with combat on land and gave the majority of the strategic planning to D.A. His armies, though at first successful, eventually were routed. In 1916, in a model combined Army-Navy assault, the Russian Black Sea fleet helped the Russian army to take the Ottoman city of Trebizond (modern Trabzon). Initially, the British were inclined to accept Kolchak’s offer, and there were plans to send Kolchak to Mesopotamia (modern Iraq). Next he tried, unsuccessfully, to coordinate White Russian forces in Manchuria. He was unable to win diplomatic recognition from any nation in the world, even Britain (though the British did support him to some degree). Alexander Vasilyevich was born on November 16, 1874 in a suburb of Petersburg into the family of … Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak (Roushie: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Колча́к, 16 November [ A.S. 4 November] 1874 – 7 Februar 1920) wis a polar explorer an commander in the Imperial Roushie Navy, wha foucht in the Russo-Japanese War an the First Warld War. For his explorations Kolchak received the highest award of the Russian Geographical Society. Upon hearing of the October Revolution, Kolchak offered to enlist in the British Army to continue the struggle. As his White forces fell apart, he was captured by independents who handed him to the Bolsheviks, who executed him.[2]. Signature Supreme Ruler Alexander Kolchak, He issued the following manifesto to the population:[citation needed]. The Admiral asked the commander of the firing squad, "Would you be so good as to get a message sent to my wife in Paris to say that I bless my son?" The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. According to eyewitnesses, Kolchak was entirely calm and unafraid, "like an Englishman." The White forces re-established a line along the Tobol and the Ishim rivers to temporarily halt the Reds. In 1899 he joined a polar expedition in the Arctic under the leadership of Edouard von Toll, a Baltic German. Birthplace: Bila Tserkva, Kiev Oblast, Russian Empire. After decades of being vilified by the Soviet government, Kolchak is now a controversial historic figure in post-Soviet Russia. As was mentioned above, the American commander, General Graves, disliked Kolchak and refused to lend him any military aid at all. Kolchak was removed from command of the fleet in June and travelled to Petrograd. [1], His government was based in Omsk, in southwestern Siberia. Kolchak took part in the Polar expedition led by Eduard Toll (1900-1902). Kolchak commanded the Vaigach during this expedition and later worked at the Academy of Sciences with the materials collected by him during expeditions. Last photo of Admiral Kolchak taken before his execution in 1920. Stanford University Press. Those villages whose population meets troops with arms, burn down the villages and shoot the adult males without exception. Kolchak took part in the rebuilding of the Imperial Russian Navy, which had been almost completely destroyed during the war. Who's Who - Alexander Kolchak Admiral Alexander Kolchak (1874-1920) commanded the Russian Black Sea fleet from 1916, and succeeded in harrying the Turkish navy in the sector until the advent of the Russian revolution brought about his recall and subsequent career … The Red counter-attack began in late April at the centre of the White line, aiming for Ufa. Kolchak took part in two Arctic expeditions and for a while was nicknamed "Kolchak-Poliarnyi" ("Kolchak the Polar"). Meanwhile the British forces at Murmansk were at war with the Communists. "[5], On 11 April 1919, the Kolchak's government adopted Regulation no. A number of new and secret organisations had sprung up in Petrograd which had as their object the suppression of the Bolshevist movement and the removal of the extremist members of the government. After the outbreak of war initially on the flagship Pogranichnik, Kolchak oversaw the laying of extensive coastal defensive minefields and commanded the naval forces in the Gulf of Riga. The film portrays the Admiral (Konstantin Khabensky) as a tragic hero with a very deep love for his country. Their activities resulted in a small revolt in Omsk on 22 December 1918, which was quickly put down by Cossacks and the Czechoslovak Legion, who summarily executed almost 500 rebels. Initially the White forces under his command had some success. Age: 36 (January 9, 1883). His father was a retired major-general of the Marine Artillery, who was actively engaged in the siege of Sevastopol in 1854–55 and after his retirement worked as an engineer in ordnance works near St. Petersburg. Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak (Russian: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Колча́к, 16 November [O.S. Whitepages people search is the most trusted directory. Kolchak had left Omsk on the 13th for Irkutsk along the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Alexander Kolchak's Short Biography : November 4, 1874 (November 16, 1874 old style) Birth in St. Petersburg, Russia : 1904 - 1905 : Russo-Japanese War. Corrections? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Because there was no railroad linking the coal mines of eastern Turkey with Constantinople, the Russian fleet's attacks on the Turkish coal ships caused the Ottoman government much hardship. He was soon transferred to the Far East, serving in Vladivostok from 1895 to 1899. Aleksandr Kolchak was born in the village of Aleksandrovskoye, near Saint Petersburg. Admiral Aleksandr V. Kolchak (born 16 November 1874) was the former supreme military commander of all White Russian forces during the Russian Civil War and head of the Provisional All-Russian Government immediately afterward, before fleeing to Siberia following a failed coup in 1924. Admiral Kolchak was not successful from the time of his taking the position of Supreme Ruler until his death, though it must be borne in mind that he operated under very difficult circumstances. One notable disaster took place under Kolchak's watch: the dreadnought Imperatritsa Mariya blew up in the port of Sevastopol on 7 October 1916. Kolchak was arrested and ended up in the hands of the Bolsheviks who executed him. He became an important White army commander during the Russian Civil War, declaring himself supreme commander of all non-Bolshevik Russia in November 1918. Göring War Plan C Nations. 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