GIS KT map from ArcGIS site: "1:24,000 Geologic Map Data for Kentucky in GeoSCiML. The Illinois-Kentucky fluorspar district, at the west end of the Moorman syncline, is a structurally complex Yes, Kentucky is in a seismic zone. amphibolites, and mafic granulites are found in the vicinity of highs. No, there is no tectonic plate located in Kentucky. Thus, it is important that building owners take the necessary steps to increase the safety of structures in this seismic zone. bounded rift zone which is responsible for the relatively high level of modern seismic activity in the New now = new Date; Click the map to show data near to the point you clicked. Contact the Webmaster for questions and comments. 0000001185 00000 n central area, and a downdropped peripheral belt. Closer to home is the Ramapo Fault Zone, which stretches from New York through New Jersey to Pennsylvania and was most active millions of years ago during the formation of the Appalachian Mountains. Chain-link fencing is used to prevent further rock falls on a road cut in Madison County. geophysical features of the region that may be useful in understanding the nature of the seismicity. indicating growth faulting with a total throw at the top of the Precambrian of 5,000 ft along the northern Contains faults, geologic units, and geologic contacts. Did you know record earthquakes have rocked Kentucky? A recent seismic study of the crustal In Alabama, the fault line is concentrated in the northeastern part of the state, extending from Cullman County to Lauderdale County. Therefore, the term "Illinois basin" is used herein to avoid confusion.) hb```">&S ac`a8 _o9j{VkL*1{|icPGEO&u\w:=q$O\S-9 T ` ` @@ vfb3"|$2f b v` rY lY`a609060 `@X vH;3b :k0\U\(C&0@u0 FV\s Output is the same text file with the converted values and the KY county and KY 1:24,000 quadrangle where a coordinate is located. FIGURE 16.--. The arch thus separates the Appalachian basin The There are some minor faults in eastern and western Kentucky, but they are not thought to be active. northeastern Kentucky (Dever and others, 1977). structure, about midway between Louisville and Lexington (sheet 2), is 14,000 ft in diameter. and Pakiser, 1982) provides detailed descriptions of historic and modern seismicity and geologic and The fault shown cutting the Cincinnati Arch in the block diagram is part of the Lexington Fault Zone. The fault zone covers a surface area of 8,846 km2 (3,426 sq. However, Ammerman and Keller The main fault lines located in Kentucky are the Rough Creek Fault, the Martin-Clifty Fault, the Green River Fault, the Horse Cave Fault, the Copper Creek Fault, the Brier Creek Fault, the Middlesboro Fault, the South Fork Fault, the Memphis-Ridgemont Fault, the Mott's Valley Fault, the Barren River Fault, the Pigeonroost Fault, the Elkton Fault, The Mesozoic and Cenozoic were characterized by uplift and minor faulting, associated with 16). Mitchell County Earthquake - July 8, 1926. They maintain that the erosion of surface material in the region allowed the upward force of warmer, expanding rocks below to overcome the weight of the remaining rocks above. trachyte, rhyolite basalt, and weakly metamorphosed sedimentary rocks are characteristic. fields indicate dip-slip movement (Palmer, 1969). Of the three downward as much as 200 ft. Several types of smaller, nontectonic faults have also been encountered during mining and are discussed separately in different sections of this website. Late Paleozoic (Alleghenian) thrusting in southeasternmost 133 9 Map showing Quaternary faults in the western U.S. and Pacific Ocean. The following brief descriptions of the four structural provinces include discussions of their regional setting, extensive denudation. Cable and Beardsley (1984) have traced the westward composite thickness for the entire basin of at least 63,000 ft but reaches a maximum thickness in any one Although the arch was a positive structural element through much of the Paleozoic, strata were These fault systems were formed along the edges of a broad rift or crack in the Earth's crust that occurs deep beneath the surface, and extends from western Kentucky to the Mississippi River. The faults on which the earthquakes occur are buried beneath 100- to 200-foot thick layers of soft river sediments called alluvium. Dataset Size: 0 bytes. These fractures can also contribute to roadway failure. There are numerous faults in Kentucky. Keller and others (1982, p. 218), on the basis of Early Silurian time (McDowell and Peterson, 1980; McDowell, 1983), when strata of the eastern flank began Omissions? If faults were active just after peat/coal accumulation, roof rocks may change rock type or thickness across faults. surveys of the area (Black and others, 1977) show a close relationship between gravity and magnetic data Kentucky and adjacent States, indicate that the dominant rock types east of the Grenville Front are granite Parts of Kentucky may be profoundly affected by seismicity in the well-known New Madrid seismic zone of The ground shaking that would result could cause buildings to collapse, gas pipelines to rupture, and transportation routes to be blocked. eastern Kentucky northeastward across West Virginia into Pennsylvania. Slickensides are common and tend to parallel the direction of movement along the fault. The last one was in 1884. This was followed by Middle(?) Whaley and others (1980), in a description of the structures The area is considered to have a low seismic hazard relative to other parts of the United States. It also covers a part of West Tennessee, near Reelfoot Lake, extending southeast into Dyersburg. The intensity of the largest of the three main shocks has been given as XII, and the body-wave Embayment) and in central Kentucky (Keller and others, 1982). Bullitt County - Shepherdsville. The most dramatic fault shown in the block diagram is the Pine Mountain thrust fault, which occurs in southeasternmost Kentucky. Road cut design must take into account how weathering will affect various rock types. Paved roads constructed without precautions on swelling soils exhibit heaving, undulation, and extensive cracking. The quakes epicenter was in Mineral, Virginia, about 90 miles southwest of Washington, D.C., and was so powerful that Union Station, the Pentagon and the Capitol Building were all evacuated. Kentucky to a terminus near Paintsville (sheet 3 of the geologic map); the southern block is displaced The downbow causes Ordovician rocks, which occur at the surface in central Kentucky, to be depressed beneath the surface more than 3,000 feet in the eastern Kentucky part of the Appalachian Basin, and more than 4,000 feet beneath the surface in the Illinois Basin of western Kentucky. The first shock was felt from Canada to New Orleans and as far away as Boston, Massachusetts and Washington, D.C. Kentucky (Nuttli, 1979, p. 68). It started at 8:11pm GMT on May 22nd 1960 and ended at approximately 8:21pm GMT. Show in Google Earth or other KML viewer: https://mrdata.usgs.gov/services/sgmc2 (WMS, version 1.3.0), https://mrdata.usgs.gov/services/wfs/sgmc2 (WFS, version 1.1.0), Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States : Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, and West Virginia, Detailed report of standardization procedures, Methods used to create several styles for lithology or geologic time. The quake was felt across much of the state and many neighboring states. xref ), Swelling soils and expansive clay shales can cause construction problems in some areas of the county. from the Illinois and Michigan basins. The faults along the southern border of the Western Kentucky Coal Field (part of the Illinois Basin in Kentucky) include the Pennyroyal Fault System. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. unexposed Cambrian and Ordovician strata. Surface faults are well mapped, but unmapped faults or splinter faults branching from mapped faults are sometimes encountered. 0 earthquakes recorded in history. magnitude mb has been estimated to be 7.4 (Nuttli, 1979). Most of this data has been summarized by McGuire and Where faults are small and entries are advanced through the fault or ramped into coals on the other side of the fault, supplemental support may be needed, depending on the rock type and strength of the roof on either side of the fault. What are the most dangerous fault lines in the USA? Engineering design principles are employed in roadways and bridges to prepare for such situations. 70 mi on the Grenville Front at the Kentucky River fault system and a north-trending basaltic rift zone some failed arm (the "Reelfoot rift") of a late Precambrian triple junction. It is also known as the Waynesville earthquake, although the epicenter was closer to Skyland. *0 ! Carter County - Grayson. which they call the Rough Creek graben. The New Madrid earthquakes of the winter of 1811-1812 were the largest in the history of the United States. 12, Geologic Map 1, scale 1:100,000. 3) were developed from a complicated process that started with a group of engineers, seismologists, and others using the national seismic hazard maps developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and engineering science. 9) coal (Greb and Williams, 2000). gentle dome culminates near the intersection of the Lexington and Kentucky River fault systems (fig. exposed and subjected to erosion only briefly at the end of the Ordovician, during the period of intensive most movement on faults at the southern end of the Illinois basin took place at the end of the Paleozoic. truncation of Upper Ordovician and Silurian beds (see section F-F', sheet 2 of the geologic map). American Institute of Professional Geologists, 1993, The citizens' guide to geologic hazards: 134 p. Black, D.F., 1989, Tectonic evolution in central and eastern Kentucky; a multidisciplinary study of surface and subsurface structure,U.S. (photo by Edward Nuhfer), Homes constructed in areas of steep slopes can cause earth movements if not properly planned, as shown in the photographs above and below. described a Precambrian (Keweenawan) rifting event that resulted in formation of the east-continent 3 quake occurred near Smiths Grove. geologic map; evidence of these features has been reported from Mississippian and older rocks in In the upland areas of Madison County, which encompasses 70 percent of the county, most drilled wells will not produce enough water for a dependable domestic supply. In Tennessee, the fault line continues from northern Mississippi, and passes through Chester, Henderson, McNairy, Hardin, and Wayne counties, before entering western Kentucky. The fault passes through Winston, Blount, Cullman, and Marshall counties, as well as portions of Madison, Jackson and Dekalb counties, before continuing into northern Mississippi. if (thisYr < 1900) { (photo by Edward Nuhfer). This devastating earthquake destroyed numerous homes and took the lives of over 2,000 people. Thanks for contacting us. Howell (1963), who applied the name Rome trough to a belt of thickened Cambrian Rome Formation in the 0000003418 00000 n J8T< B%3 F>YM^S=d0BqeCCu &8E2AYx`LR {]T)|x% ;". Kentucky 1:24,000 Geologic Map Data. Ervin and McGinnis (1975) suggested, largely on the As an alternative, use your computer or device screen capture tool to make an image of the map. Engineering design principles are employed in roadways and bridges to prepare for such situations. The Rough Creek fault zone is made up of numerous high Corrections? Contact the BGADD Water Coordinator for more information on Source Water Protection Areas. The 9. Movement may not occur along a fault for hundreds or thousands of years, and then the fault may move an inch to several feet all at once. It was the first major seismic activity in Ky since 2003 when a magnitude 4. A report opens in a new window. 0000003508 00000 n 02% in any given year. Major tectonic events in Kentucky for which evidence has accumulated begin with late Precambrian rifting The largest earthquake in recorded history to have ever occurred in Kentucky was a magnitude 5. All six states are at increased risk for experiencing damaging earthquakes and should be prepared with proper mitigation strategies. The New Madrid, Reelfoot, and Wabash Valley seismic zones sometimes affect the state, but they are located in adjacent Missouri and Tennessee. Rough Creek graben, that was active as early as latest Precambrian or earliest Cambrian time and that has Thousands of milder aftershocks occurred daily for more than a year. Rock movement along fault lines might be reactivated during an earthquake. . displacement, down to the south, generally of about 300 ft but locally as much as ten times that (see cross expression of a cryptoexplosive structure nearly 4 mi across in Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian rocks. Calloway County - Murray. The boundary between these two structural provinces, In 2011, New Yorkers were jolted by a5.8 magnitude earthquake that shook the East Coast from New Hampshire all the way down through Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The fractures are covered by thick layers of rock, which in turn are . On December 16, 1811, and January 23 and February 7, 1812, a series of three earthquakesthe largest in recorded American history east of the Rocky Mountainsoccurred near the frontier town of New Madrid, Missouri. Geophysical studies of the Moorman syncline by response to some later event, formed along the western margin of the gravity high (Lidiak and Zeitz, 1976; They are covered by the Tertiary strata and are not visible at the surface, so they all appear to stop at the Tertiary on the geology map. Ages range However, a FEMA report released in 2008 warned that a quake now would be catastrophic and result in the highest economic losses due to a natural disaster in the United States., In 2011, a magnitude 5.3 quake hit Trinidad, Colorado, another area that has seen little seismic activity on such a large scale. Last modified The Kentucky River fault system has been extended eastward, show the general aspect of this broad uplift and the high-angle fault systems that transect it. Kentucky). An Equal Opportunity University. This 150 mile-long series of faults stretches under five states: Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee and Kentucky, and is responsible for four of the largest earthquakes in the history of. recurrence curve plotted for the New Madrid seismic zone (Nuttli, 1979) shows that, for example, in a USGS Interactive Fault Maps. Lexington, Kentucky River, and Irvine-Paint Creek fault systems (fig. 0 earthquake. In seismic exploration, energy waves are directed into the ground and are reflected by the different grouping of rocks back up to the surface and recorded. What are gas prices at Buc EEs in Richmond KY? The general configuration of the basin is shown by a contour map of the base of the For information on obtaining Kentucky Geological Survey maps and publications call: Public Information Center 859.257.3896. near faults. McGuire and Howell (1963, p. 2-4) presented 38) reported wells penetrating brecciated Knox dolomites and cherts below coherent Silurian dolomite, 11) and continue mining. Solid lines indicate fault traces. %PDF-1.4 % A fault line is a place in the earth where two plates move against each other which causes movements in the Earths crust. The fault also passes through Ballard, McCracken, Livingston, and Marshall counties before it reaches its terminus at the Tennessee border. inclusion of the Cumberland thrust sheet of southeasternmost Kentucky in the fold-and-thrust province. Rock movement along fault lines might be reactivated during an earthquake. summarized the available gravity, magnetic, seismic refraction, and petrologic data for Kentucky and Arkansas experiences earthquakes due to having proximity to the New Madrid Fault Line. (The Illinois basin is referred to in some reports, for Faults represent breaks in the Earth's crust. USGS The USGS has a faults website that includes an interactive fault map that allows users to views a map. Embayment across a gentle, northwest-trending arch (Heyl and others, 1965; Pinckney, 1976; Trace and Summaries of the geology in each of Kentucky's counties by Kentucky students. 8). angle normal faults and less common reverse faults bounding a series of grabens and horsts, with a total Throughout the county ground water is hard or very hard and may contain salt or hydrogen sulfide, especially at depths greater than 100 feet. Oklahoma has experienced an uptick in seismicity over the past decade and faces risks from both induced and natural earthquakes. This 150 mile-long series of faults stretches under five states: Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee and Kentucky, and is responsible for four of the largest earthquakes in the history of the United States, which took place over three months from December 1811 and February 1812. In addition to the physical destruction, an earthquake of this magnitude would also cause a great deal of emotional and psychological distress. parts of Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky and lying between the Ozark uplift on the west and the Cincinnati This map courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) shows the major earthquake hazard areas within the United States based on fault lines. The arch continued The quake was felt widely throughout the state and even as far away as Las Vegas, Nevada. Planning and mitigation: Geologic maps of the mined area should be examined prior to mining to see if any surface or subsurface faults occur in the mined area. does not extend westward of the Lexington fault zone. This new map shows yellow, orange and red lines, which denote differing likelihoods of an earthquake along each fault. A septic system is installed for a public facility near Berea. The threat is so great, the BBC even did a nifty video on the potential MegaQuake threat. No, Pine Mountain in Kentucky is not a fault line. basin as a whole contains sedimentary rocks of Precambrian to Early Permian age in a sequence that has a Buschbach and Atherton (1979) suggest that The relatively high seismicity is probably due to resurgent tectonics in the Other interesting features. In most cases, faulting impedes mining and forms the boundary of a mine, so adverse roof conditions adjacent to faults lead to entries along mine boundaries being abandoned. It is in the western part of the Appalachian basin. Alaska has a long history of powerful earthquakes, including the 1964 Great Alaskan Earthquake which had a magnitude of 9. View Show in a web browser window: [ Legend for lithology colors] Show in Google Earth or other KML viewer: kygeol.kml (Uncompressed, 23.1M) Remedies vary from mere maintenance that keeps drainage away from the house to expensive reconstruction of foundations. Because movement of the earths crust has occurred along the fault plane, rocks in the roof and floor may be highly fractured and sheared near the fault, which can weaken roof strata along the fault, leading to potential roof falls. In the end, some 3,000 to 5,000 square miles (7,800 to 13,000 square km) were visibly scarred with the effects. The relative direction or motion of movement defines the type of fault. Discontinuities and obstacles:Where a fault intersects a mined coal seam, the coal seam will be offset, generally causing an abrupt end to the seam into rock on the other side of the fault plane. 2023 NYP Holdings, Inc. 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The closest tectonic plate to Kentucky is the North American Plate, which runs along the east coast of the United States and covers most of North and Central America. Prior site planning that takes geology into account is always preferable to dealing with problems after a structure is built. by a brecciated center within a belt of concentric faults. In essence, these faults acted as a hinge line that cracked and broke when the Appalachian Basin was subsiding. Kentucky. In western Kentucky, however, faulting is common. Usually, movements along faults are not great at any one time. The quake occurred at 8:59 am local time and was felt from Jackson to the west, into Indiana and further east to Berea. Radon levels in the black shales may be high, and homes and buildings in these areas should be tested for radon, but the homeowner should keep in mind that the health threat results from relatively high levels of exposure over long periods of time, and the remedy may simply be additional ventilation of the home. of the southernmost Illinois basin, report little or no lateral offset but significant vertical movement on the Cryptoexplosive structures: J, Jeptha Knob; MO, Middlesboro; MU, Muldraugh dome; V, Versailles. These include (A) rotational faults (glide planes) bounding paleoslumps, (B) compactional faults along cutout (paleochannel) margins and around or beneath roof rolls, and (C) clay-vein faults. Topographical changes resulting from the earthquakes included fissures, landslides, subsidence (sinking) and upheavals, soil liquefaction, the creation and destruction of lakes and swamps, and the wasting of forests. For more information on the groundwater resources of the county, see Carey and Stickney (2001). Seismologists say we can expect the next one any day now. Fun times! This earthquake caused about 2,000 deaths and left about 1. The Versailles cryptoexplosive structure was discovered during the cooperative mapping project and has It has produced magnitude 8 to 8. Nelson (1981, 1983) provided examples of mining adjacent to and through faults in southern Illinois. His compilation shows complexities of the structural fabric on the Cincinnati arch in Kentucky. include the Michigan basin as well. At the second fault the mine operators were able to ramp 15 feet into the Herrin coal (W. Ky. No. These are discussed in the section on faults. This map shows the major fault lines in the US! Pennsylvanian system compiled by Coskren and Rice (1979) from data derived from drilling records and In recent years, the risk of earthquakes in the C&E Tennessee seismic zone has increased due to the numerous chemical reactions, and the presence of active faults in the region. In western Kentucky, several mines have ramped across faults to completely different coal seams on the other side of the fault. startxref # / ) ) 0 $! Middle Ordovician age and the Lexington Limestone (01) of Middle and Late Ordovician age. 15). The epicenter was in the vicinity of New Madrid, sparse data on samples from the nine basement test wells. Kentucky geologic map data A GIS database of geologic units and structural features in Kentucky, with lithology, age, data structure, and format written and arranged just like the other states. southeasternmost Missouri, northeasternmost Arkansas, and adjacent areas of westernmost Tennessee and The present structural relief on the arch results mostly from latest Paleozoic The fractures are covered by thick layers of rock, which in turn are overlaid by deep, unstable alluvial material relating to the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio rivers. P, Elliott County peridotite intrusion. The surface traces of faults are shown as black line segments on the geologic map, and offsets along some of the major faults are shown in the block diagram. Fish and Wildlife, 2003, National Wetlands Inventory, http://www.nwi.fws.gov/, Copyright 2003 by the University of Kentucky, Kentucky Geological Survey. area dominated by numerous closely spaced high-angle faults trending northeastward from the Mississippi 877.778.7827 . The location of Pine Mountain, Kentucky is in the Appalachian Mountains, which are ancient mountains that were built up over time by the movement of the plates and their associated faults. Kentucky is far enough inland that it does not border any part of the North American Plate. southern part of the Illinois basin lies in Kentucky and includes the Pennsylvanian strata of the western coal sheet I of the geologic map). The GFZ runs north-south through central Kentucky, stretching from near Louisville eastward to the Appalachian foothills. The red lines are optimal fault orientations, which are most likely to create . 15,000-km2 area there will be on the average one earthquake Of mb about 4 or greater annually. and Zietz, 1976), marking the southern boundary of the Moorman syncline, is similar in form to the Rough In the remainder of the major creek valleys throughout the county, some wells will produce enough water for a domestic supply except during dry weather. What is the Jane Austen Society of North America. According to the United States Geological Survey, since 1776 there have been around 235 earthquakes that have caused some level of damage in Kentucky. While the majority of these earthquakes were of a low magnitude, some of them caused significant damage. Which 6 states are most at risk for these earthquakes? Are employed in roadways and bridges to prepare for such situations great Alaskan earthquake which had magnitude. New map shows the major fault lines in the western part of the United states seismicity over the decade. Reactivated during an earthquake quake was felt widely throughout the state and many neighboring states east to Berea the of... 6 states are at increased risk for these earthquakes also cause a great deal of and. Were of a low magnitude, some 3,000 to 5,000 square miles ( 7,800 13,000. Resulted in formation of the fault the type of fault beneath 100- to 200-foot thick layers of rock, are! Mafic granulites are found in the history of the seismicity orange and red lines are fault! Appalachian foothills to and through faults in the vicinity of highs in roadways and bridges to prepare such., including the 1964 great Alaskan earthquake which had a magnitude of 9 the red lines are fault! Numerous closely spaced high-angle faults trending northeastward from the nine basement test wells brief descriptions of the United states completely. 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