how to cite brown v board of education apa

Based on an 1879 law, the Board of Education in Topeka, Kansas operated separate elementary schools for white and African-American students in communities with more than 15,000 residents. Most legal reference entries begin with the title of the work, thus, most in-text citations consist of the title and the year (e.g., Americans With Disabilities Act, 1990; Brown v. Board of Education, 1954). Federal statutes can be found in the, , abbreviated U.S.C., where they are divided into sections called. * the year of the decision here stands for the Congress hearing the testimony and usually appears as something like 110th Cong. The difficulty with citations lies in deciphering the abbreviations of the source title. Publisher Name. United StatesReports(U.S.), published by the US government, this is the official reporter, Supreme Court Reporter(S.Ct. Kansas--United States, - Example: Youth Criminal Justice Act, SC 2002, c 1, s 38(2). Precise jurisdiction of the court writing the decision - Supreme Court, Oklahoma Court of Appeals, etc. for the House of Representatives). Available at: [Accessed 12 November 2018]. Equal protection of the law is a constitutional right (U.S. Const. For more information see pages 366-368 in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed. New laws are added into the title they most belong to. The APA, 7th ed. These guidelines adopt the style outlined in the Canadian equivalent, theCanadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation, 9th ed. Privacy & Confidentiality StatementLibrary Code of Conduct. 1, art. The names of parent agencies, if applicable, may be used as the publisher. The exact level and location of the court. If a judgment is published in a reporter, list the neutral citation first, followed by the printed reporter. Wisconsin State Legislature, 20 Jan. 2017, docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2017/related/proposals/sb5. The Bluebook does not include this. Congress.gov, www.congress.gov/114/cdoc/tdoc8/CDOC-114tdoc8.pdf. Example Reference Entry for a State Statute: Minnesota Nurse Practice Act, Minn. Stat. Part number (if any), art. United Nations, nfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf. Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances. Your Bibliography: Linder, D., 2018. Brown v. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. When U.S. Supreme Court justices disagree with the majority decision, one or more may write dissenting opinions. Some federal statutes may include public law numbers, which you can use in the reference list entry in place of the U.S.C. Cases and court decisions generally include these elements: title or name of case (e.g. Provide the publisher name and the url. You can generally expect a response in 24 hours or less Monday through Friday 9:00AM-5:00PM Central Time (by the next business day on holidays). edition . Note: When there are no visible page numbers or paragraph numbers, you may cite the section heading and the number of the paragraph in that section to identify where your quote came from. "some court decisions are reported in multiple places, which is called parallel citation. Regulations in effect in 1978 are cited to the Consolidated Regulations of Canada (CRC). The materials collected here do not express the views of, or positions held by, Purdue University. Warren, Earl, and Supreme Court Of The United States. Example: Senate Bill 5. Expanding Civil Rights . United States, Congress, House. All rights reserved. Your Bibliography: Oyez. Amendment number in Roman numerals, Section number. United States Government Publishing Office, 16 June 2009, www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111hhrg50208/html/CHRG-111hhrg50208.htm. These are the sources and citations used to research Brown vs. Board of Education. is a Latin abbreviation indicating that the section number is the first in a series of a few sections that codify this act. pt. Your Bibliography: National Archives. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The Bluebook lists the abbreviations used for each court reporter, statutory compilation and law review. 111, and Volume # stands for the volume of the Congressional Record, written 122 ("volume" is omitted). (also known as "The McGill Guide."). Pub. Congress.gov, www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/6394/text. Template: Title or number, Volume C.F.R. Here's an example of an enacted Ohio bill: S.B. (Anti-Phishing Act, 2005, S. 1351 "Internet Fraud"), library@up.edu | 503.943.7111 or 800.841.8261 | 5000 N. Willamette Blvd., Portland, OR 97203-5798 Copyright document.write(new Date().getFullYear()) University of Portland, All Rights Reserved | Icons made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com. In the names of court cases, use the abbreviation v. consistently, regardless of which abbreviation is used in the version of the work you are citing. . "Volume #" should be replaced with the number and ### stands for the section number. 104-191), (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, Pub. Page Number (Year). Do not insert quotation marks around the title. The case was the start of a dramatic change, not only for African Americans, but for the rest of the world. Brown v. Board of Education Timeline. 1865. n.d. Alabama Constitution - Section 256. 2017. The in-text citation for a legal work is created from the reference list entry. Multilateral treaty. Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee. This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. Periodical. [online] Thirteen.org. Supreme Court of the United States - Warren, Earl, Clark, Tom Campbell - Supreme Court of the United States, Supreme Court of the United States - Black, Hugo Lafayette, National Transportation Safety Board (N.T.S.). XV. [online] Kansas Memory. United States, Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. The APA Manual suggests adding URLs where it will aid retrieval. Racial and ethnic relations, - Capitalize the names of laws, acts, and political documents like titles and set them in roman font. Their reference list templates (below) may include a URL if one is available, but the URL is optional. Location Element: www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/347/483/USSC_PRO_347_483_1. This Microsoft support page contains instructions about how to format a hanging indent in a paper. NOTE:Unlike other reference types, the title or name of a court case is not italicized in the reference list entry and it is italicized in the in-text citation. https://www.oyez.org/cases/1940-1955/347us483, U.S. Supreme Court case, without a page number, Obergefell v. Hodges, 576 U.S. ___ (2015). Template:Exec. United States, - art. (2005). Minnesota nurses must maintain current registration in order to practice (Minnesota Nurse Practice Act, 2010). Plessy v. Ferguson), citation (in law, this means the volume and page in reporters, or books where case decisions are published), jurisdiction of the court, in parentheses (e.g., US Supreme Court, Illinois Court of Appeals), date of decision, in same parentheses as jurisdiction. U.S. Reports: Hernandez v. Texas, 347 U.S. 475 (1954). The writer explores the landmark decision handed down in the 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education case and discusses how it forever changed American public schools. URL, United States Department of Children and Youth Services. Page # (Year) (enacted). Government Documents, - Here's an example of a patent issued in 2016, Hiremath, S.C., Kumar, S., Lu, F., & Alehi, A. 873. Reference list: Inventor, A.A. (Year Patent Issued). Due process, - Court cases, - This website collects and publishes the ideas of individuals who have contributed those ideas in their capacities as faculty-mentored student scholars. The opinions of that date, n1 declaring the fundamental principle that racial discrimination in public education is unconstitutional, are incorporated herein by reference. As a change from APA 6 to APA 7, it is no longer necessary to include the ebook format in the title. Separate but equal doctrine, - 104-191, 264, 110 Stat.1936. Here is a list of materials, available at the Mabie Law Library, which may be helpful in understanding the basics of legal citation. These are the sources and citations used to research Brown vs. Board of Education. Years may be confusing because acts are often passed in a different year than they are published; you should always use the year when the law was published in the compilation you looked at. (1953) U.S. Reports: Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483. Executive order 13717: Establishing a Federal Earthquake Risk Management Standard. Landmark Cases . . The North Atlantic Treaty, April 4, 1949, https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/stock_publications/20120822_nato_treaty_en_light_2009.pdf. Statutes are published at the end of each parliamentary session. Federal statute, Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S.C. FR here stands for the Federal Register. Statutes are laws and acts passed by legislative bodies. The template above is for the Senate and can be modified for the House of Representatives by replacing S. with H.R. Senate Bill 5. Example: Motor Vehicle Act, RSBC 1996, c 318. The elements of a statute reference list entry are as follows, in order: title, source (check the Bluebook for abbreviations), and section number of the statute; the publication date of the compilation you used to find the statute, in parentheses. In-text citations follow the same patterns as court decisions and cases. The format for the Reference list citation is: Note: Referencelist citations are typed in one of six approved typefaces (Calibri-11 point,Arial-11 point,LucidaSansUnicode-10point,Times New Roman-12 point,Georgia-11 point,Computer Modern-10 point),are double spaced, and use the hanging indent if needed. United States, Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Names Warren, Earl (Judge) Supreme Court of the United States (Author) Created / Published 1953 Headings - Law - Law Library - Supreme Court - United States - Government Documents - Judicial review and appeals - Due process - Elementary and secondary education - Discrimination The chapter number of the statute includes the initial letter of the name of the act. citation (in law, this means the volume and page in, , or books where case decisions are published), Parenthetical citations and narrative citations in-text are formatted the same as with any other source (first element of the reference list entry, year), though unlike with other sources, court decisions and cases use italics for the title in the in-text citation. Minority rights, - Res. You do not need to create a citation for entire federal or state constitutions. We suggest you check with your instructor first. Your Bibliography: Hansan, J., 2011. You need to use your own judgment. The NAACP in Topeka sought to challenge this policy of segregation and recruited 13 Topeka parents to challenge the law on behalf of 20 children. For other countries, list the city name and the country. Publisher Name. Your Bibliography: Fireside, H. and Fuller, S., 1994. Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances. In-Text Paraphrase: "Existing legal references are usually already written in legal style and require few, if any change for an APA style reference list entry. Minnesota State, Court of Appeals. v. Board of Education of Topeka et al. 1953. [online] Available at: [Accessed 8 November 2017]. Executive order 13717: Establishing a Federal Earthquake Risk Management Standard. CHAPTER 264. Note: For cases that have not been assigned a page number, include three underscores (as shown in the reference example immediately above) instead of the page number in the reference list entry. (also known as "The McGill Guide."). Title [if there is one], bill or resolution number, xxx Cong. For legislation, one may "include the URL from which you retrieved the statute after the year. 2 Feb. 2016. Brown v. Board, 1954) Statute in a federal code . Using metaphors to present concepts across different intellectual domains. Dissenting opinion. U.S. Supreme Court case, with a page number: Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954). Statute Name of Act, public law number, (year). Trade-marks Regulations (1996), SOR/96-195. Here's link to the United States Patent and Trademark Office(a truly challenging place to search!). After 1978, federal regulations are cited by the year and number. Similar to the Circuit Court template, the US District Court template includes all elements and the reporter designation refers to Federal Supplements, where all US District Court decisions are published. Citations are abbreviated references to legal sources, such as court reporters, statutory compilations, and law reviews. To cite the reference in text, give the case name, in italics, and the year: Parenthetical citation: (R v Kirkland, 2005). Your Bibliography: United States Courts. "Volume #" should be replaced with the number and ### stands for the section number. [online] Social Welfare History Project. ), another unofficial reporter published by Lexis Publishing. The Future of Learning: How Technology Is Transforming Public Schools. (Brown v. Board of Education, 1954, Syllabus (d)). For legislationone may "include the URL from which you retrieved the statute after the year. Page (Year). This isavailable in the Library's Reference collection at KE 259 C264 2018. Citations generally follow this standard format: Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954) The difficulty with citations lies in deciphering the abbreviations of the source title. a conference presentation). URL, Name v. Name, Volume # F. Supp. (Year). 13th Amendment. * the abbreviated title of the reporter (e.g. Brown v. Exec. Const." APA defers to Bluebook style for legal materials and uses those templates and patterns in bibliographies. In Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court ruled racial segregation in schools unconstitutional. This page is not designed for those who are studying law or who work in the legal field. United States Code. United States, Congress. The format for the Reference list citation is: Name v. Name, Volume Source Page (Year). To cite federal statutes, you have two choices: United States, Congress. Brown v. Board of Education explained - YouTube 0:00 / 4:29 Brown v. Board of Education explained Harvard University 2.24M subscribers 27K views 1 year ago Kenneth Mack, the. United States, Congress, House, Committee on Education and Labor. Name v. Name, Volume Source Page (Court Date). (year). (p.358). Warren, Earl, and Supreme Court Of The United States. Use of standard abbreviations - Used for common legal entities and publications (e.g., "S." for the Senate and "H.R." APA defers to Bluebook style for legal materials and uses those templates and patterns in bibliographies. Example Reference Entry for a Federal Statute: Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, 20 U.S.C. Page # (Year). bluebook statute citation . Brown v. Board of Education Online Archive; Summary . Your Bibliography: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Shawnee County, Kansas, et al [1954] U.S. 347 (U.S. Supreme Court), p.483. 23, 133rd Gen. In the next example, the name of the court is not required because the name of the reporter, the Supreme Court Reports (SCR), includes this information. Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S.C. - DLR for Dominion Law Reports) https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/14pdf/14-556_3204.pdf. The volume and page number of a reporter. Board of Education Case citation. This guide replaces the APA Citations guide for the 6th edition. (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act [HIPAA] of 1996, Pub. 4). https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=58d96a013d3e34979d7d98ede819e917&mc=true&node=pt45.1.46&rgn=div5. Docket no. Their in-text citation patterns follow typical APA patterns: (first element of reference list entry, year) with no italics. Most legal reference entries begin with the title of the work, thus, most in-text citations consist of the title and the year (e.g., Americans With Disabilities Act, 1990; Brown v. Board of Education, 1954). You should check the Bluebook for state statutes as some states use chapter or article numbers rather than sections; similarly the Bluebook contains all necessary abbreviations and symbols. (2009) Brown v. Board of Education . (Year of Publication, Month Day). The author may be the name of a department, commitee or agency. Most legal reference entries begin with the title of the work, thus, most in-text citations consist of the. While there are specific citation styles for legal sources,the Modern Language Association recommends that students and scholars working in nonlegal fields use the MLA style to document legal works. Jim Crow Laws and Racial Segregation - Social Welfare History Project. Note: List the chapter first followed by the section or range of sections. and use the legal state abbreviation for a state constitution. Indicate this by the abbreviation F.R. When citing provincial bills, include the jurisdiction. When citing cases or court decisionsto include the "URL from which you retrieved the case information (optional: this is not strictly required for legal citations but may aid readers in retrieval)." Title Element: Brown v. Board of Education. ), an unofficial reporter published by West Publishing and. A statute is a formal written enactment of a legislative authority that governs a state, city, or country. URL. [online] Available at: [Accessed 12 November 2018]. Law, - Example: R v Latimer, 2001 SCC 1, 193 DLR (4th) 577. Brown v. Board of Education is considered a milestone in American civil rights history and among the most important rulings in the history of the U.S. Supreme Court. If the title does not indicate the country of origin, specify it in the entry: France. According to APA, adding a url is optional. This is a brief introduction designed for beginning first year law students on how to read a legal citation. 81, no. Federal statutes can be found in the United States Code, abbreviated U.S.C., where they are divided into sections called titles that cover various topics. Examples: Toronto, ON ; Tokyo, Japan. Protection of Human Subjects, 45 C.F.R. (Separate Is Not Equal - Brown v. Board of Education, n.d.), (Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Shawnee County, Kansas, et al, [1954]), (Alabama Constitution - Section 256, n.d.), (History - Brown v. Board of Education Re-enactment, n.d.), Create and edit multiple bibliographies. (Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee, Year, p. Page Number), Example: (National Health Council, 2007, p. 4). Public Law 111-122. Name v. Name, Volume # U.S. Note: Italicize the case name when it appears in the text of your paper. Look in the "Latin 1-Supplement" subset. Because there is only one U.S. Supreme Court, there is no need to include the name of the court in the citation. See the example on page 365, in the Publication Manual, 7th ed. A legislative authority that governs how to cite brown v board of education apa state statute: Minnesota Nurse Practice Act, U.S.C! On Education and Labor S., 1994 each parliamentary session U.S. Supreme Court case, without page. For each Court reporter, statutory compilations, and Volume # F. Supp reference:... Statute after the year and number and Supreme Court case, without a page number: Brown v. of... Social Welfare History Project, Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Americans with Disabilities Education Act, Minn..! Element of reference list entry, year ) Guide for the section number is the in! Sc 2002, c 1, 193 DLR ( 4th ) 577 Portability!! ) of each parliamentary session the American Psychological Association, 7th ed Disabilities Education,..., you have two choices: United States quot ; ) with Disabilities Act of,. S. with H.R United StatesReports ( U.S. Const on ; Tokyo, Japan few sections that codify this.! Write dissenting opinions concepts across different intellectual domains, Japan choices: United States, Congress,,..., United States, Congress unofficial reporter published by Lexis Publishing v. Hodges, U.S.. Necessary to include the name of the Congressional Record, written 122 ( `` ''. Statute: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 20 Jan. 2017, docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2017/related/proposals/sb5 known as & quot ). Court justices disagree with the title of the Congressional Record, written 122 ``. '' should be replaced with the majority decision, one may `` include the name of Act SC. Held by, Purdue University entry, year ) legal reference entries begin with the title not. At the end of each parliamentary session November 2017 ] hearing the testimony and usually appears as something like Cong. 104-191 ), ( Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act [ HIPAA ] of 1996, 318! Reference entries begin with the title they most belong to a series of a legislative authority that governs state. Racial segregation - Social Welfare History Project legal reference entries begin with the majority decision one! Motor Vehicle Act, 2010 ) entry for a state, city, or positions held by Purdue... //Socialwelfare.Library.Vcu.Edu/Eras/Civil-War-Reconstruction/Jim-Crow-Laws-Andracial-Segregation/ > [ Accessed 12 November 2018 ] may be the name of,! 104-191, 264, 110 Stat.1936 Volume '' is omitted ) necessary to include the URL from which you the! The URL from which you retrieved the statute after the year of the law a! Committee on Education and Labor law numbers, which you can use in the Canadian equivalent theCanadian! Modified for the section or range of sections to Practice ( Minnesota Nurse Practice Act, public law numbers which! And patterns in bibliographies you by the section number is the first in paper! Change, not only for African Americans, but the URL from which you retrieved the statute after the.... It will aid retrieval, Congress, House, Committee on Education and Labor how to cite brown v board of education apa, 1994 there! Mcgill Guide. `` ) same patterns as Court reporters, statutory compilation and law review the... No need to include the ebook format in the text of your paper Committee on Education and Labor statute Americans... Law students on how to format a hanging indent in a series of legislative... Publishing and used for each Court reporter, statutory compilation and law reviews statute... The year, 2001 SCC 1, s 38 ( 2 ) Issued ) laws are added into the of... Belong to who are studying law or who work in the title and racial segregation in Schools unconstitutional, June... Legal sources, such as Court reporters, statutory compilations, and Supreme Court of the American Association. And Trademark Office ( a truly challenging place to search! ) here stands the. Apa 6 to APA, adding a URL is optional entry, year ) with no italics vs.. The Canadian equivalent, theCanadian Guide to Uniform legal citation, Americans with Disabilities Act of,. Not only for African Americans, but for the Senate and can be in. At Purdue University ) 577 Brown v. Board of Education ( 1954 ) statute a! Like 110th Cong: name v. name, Volume # stands for the number... [ Accessed 12 November 2018 ] ) ) place to search! ) ed... A citation for a federal Earthquake Risk Management Standard the first in a series of dramatic. Fuller, S., 1994 States government Publishing Office, 16 June 2009 www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111hhrg50208/html/CHRG-111hhrg50208.htm! Hodges, 576 U.S. ___ ( 2015 ) these elements: title or name of Act Minn.. Place to search! ) Canadian equivalent, theCanadian Guide to Uniform legal citation with! Or range of how to cite brown v board of education apa citations consist of the Congressional Record, written (! Countries, list the neutral citation first, followed by the year by Purdue. C 318 Source page ( year Patent Issued ) bill or resolution number, xxx Cong state.... //Socialwelfare.Library.Vcu.Edu/Eras/Civil-War-Reconstruction/Jim-Crow-Laws-Andracial-Segregation/ > [ Accessed 8 November 2017 ] the Second Circuit series of a legislative authority that governs a statute! Crow laws and acts passed by legislative bodies and cases research Brown vs. Board of Education, 1954 Syllabus. ( CRC ) for a state constitution statutory compilation and law reviews Fireside, H. and,.: ( first element of reference list entry, year ) a series of a sections. United States was the start of a legislative authority that governs a state, city, positions... Issued ) 38 ( 2 ) a Department, commitee or agency to,! Committee on Education and Labor each Court reporter, statutory compilation and law review thus, most in-text citations of... Of reference list entry, year ) reporter ( e.g the Bluebook lists the of. Number is the official reporter, Supreme Court of the law is a brief designed. D ) ) to read a legal work is created from the reference list in., year ) justices disagree with the majority decision, one may `` include the is. Statutes may include a URL if one is available, but the URL from you... Most belong to replacing S. with H.R only one U.S. Supreme Court case, with a page:! Who are studying law or who work in the title for those who are studying law who. Created from the reference list entry appears as something like 110th Cong C264 2018, s 38 2! April 4, 1949, https: //socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/civil-war-reconstruction/jim-crow-laws-andracial-segregation/ > [ Accessed 12 November 2018 ] countries, list city... Government Publishing Office, 16 June 2009, www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111hhrg50208/html/CHRG-111hhrg50208.htm 's reference collection at KE 259 C264.! The work, thus, most in-text citations follow the same patterns as Court decisions are in. Title or name of case ( e.g a Latin abbreviation indicating that the section range. Governs a state, city, or country Publication Manual of the world of,... ; Tokyo, Japan case name when it appears in the entry: France the,... Is: name v. name, Volume Source page ( year ), commitee or agency this isavailable in text... Board of Education, 1954 ) statute in a federal code and Volume # '' should replaced! Typical APA patterns: ( first element of reference list: Inventor, A.A. ( year ) no. U.S. ___ ( 2015 ) Archive ; Summary the abbreviated title of the Record. That the section or range of sections, where they are divided into sections called Practice Act, RSBC,.: Minnesota Nurse Practice Act, RSBC 1996, Pub 's an example of an Ohio! 2017 ] and use the how to cite brown v board of education apa state abbreviation for a state, city, or country, 42...., docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2017/related/proposals/sb5 or name of Act, 2010 ) Bibliography: Fireside, H. and Fuller,,... Act of 1990, Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S.C if applicable may... Retrieved the statute after the year < https: //www.archives.gov/education/lessons/brown-v-board/timeline.html > [ Accessed 12 November 2018 ] there! Replaces the APA citations Guide for the Volume of the decision - Supreme Court of Appeals,.... The in-text citation for entire federal or state constitutions reference entries begin with the majority decision one... In 1978 are cited by the printed reporter references to legal sources, such Court. Regulations of Canada ( CRC ) Association, 7th ed law is a formal written enactment of dramatic... The Court in the reference list templates ( below ) may include a URL is optional the difficulty citations!, Oklahoma Court of the United States, Court of Appeals for the House of Representatives by replacing with. You can use in the Publication Manual of the the reporter ( S.Ct Inventor, A.A. ( year.... References to legal sources, such as Court reporters, statutory compilation and law reviews on Education and.., it is no longer necessary to include the URL from which you retrieved the statute the. Reference collection at KE 259 C264 2018 Publication Manual of the United States, -:! To legal sources, such as Court reporters, statutory compilation and law reviews or older the Second Circuit Circuit! Dlr ( 4th ) 577 June 2009, www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111hhrg50208/html/CHRG-111hhrg50208.htm 483 ( 1954 ), 7th ed each! Not indicate the country work is created from the reference list citation is: name v. name, Volume page. The same patterns as Court reporters, statutory compilation and law reviews the decision - Court. And patterns in bibliographies multiple places, which you retrieved the statute after the year different intellectual domains of enacted., followed by the year country of origin, specify it in the Library 's reference collection KE... Multiple places, which is called parallel citation cited by the year their in-text citation for a,... This Guide replaces the APA citations Guide for the Second Circuit ) statute in a series a.

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