Situational factors are largely or entirely ignored, which means most behavioral leadership theories are inadequate for the fast-changing environments of today where. These behaviors lead to commitment, engagement, and purpose, all of which drive performance. Using Mitchells Conflict model, describe the significance of attitudes, behaviour and situation in conflict management and resolution. [1] https://www.wgu.edu/blog/leadership-theories-styles2004.html[4] https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/behavioral-theories-of-leadership[6] https://www.academia.edu/4142273/Behavioural_theory_of_leadership[8] https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0256090919900205"A Handbook of Leadership Styles", Demirtas and Karaca, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Develop yourself with these products from Leadershipahoy.com, - Understand Your Thinking- Self-Coaching- Channel Your Thoughts- Improve Social Skills, - Learn the Lewin Styles:Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez-Faire Leadership- Understand the Experiments And Conclusions, A116 page E-book with Leadership Theories Over The Years: From Great Man And Trait Theory To Situational Leadership Theories, - Get results without unnecessary team stress, - Learn How to Push Performance from a CEO. The leadership concept first appeared in scientific studies in the early 1300s, but the scientific research in leadership began for real in the late 1800s. Relational-oriented behaviors are comprised of consideration, empowerment, developing and enabling others. The ability to conceptualize and accurately act on ideas is essential to running a smooth operation (Northouse, P.G.). Which are the Behavioral leadership theories? Similarly, they may produce more than a country club leader, but they may offer little variation in tasks or delegate few tasks to employees. Related:.css-1v152rs{border-radius:0;color:#2557a7;font-family:"Noto Sans","Helvetica Neue","Helvetica","Arial","Liberation Sans","Roboto","Noto",sans-serif;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:border-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-style 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-width 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-radius 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),box-shadow 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1);transition:border-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-style 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-width 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-radius 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),box-shadow 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1);border-bottom:1px solid;cursor:pointer;}.css-1v152rs:hover{color:#164081;}.css-1v152rs:active{color:#0d2d5e;}.css-1v152rs:focus{outline:none;border-bottom:1px solid;border-bottom-color:transparent;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px;}.css-1v152rs:focus:not([data-focus-visible-added]){box-shadow:none;border-bottom:1px solid;border-radius:0;}.css-1v152rs:hover,.css-1v152rs:active{color:#164081;}.css-1v152rs:visited{color:#2557a7;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){.css-1v152rs{-webkit-transition:none;transition:none;}}.css-1v152rs:focus:active:not([data-focus-visible-added]){box-shadow:none;border-bottom:1px solid;border-radius:0;}How To Become a Strong Leader (With Traits and Tips).css-r5jz5s{width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem;color:inherit;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;height:1em;width:1em;margin:0 0 0.25rem 0.25rem;vertical-align:middle;}. Example actions of an indifferent leader include avoiding team member questions, procrastinating on tasks and pressuring employees to meet deadlines regardless of circumstances. Example tasks for these leaders include providing thorough task descriptions, clarifying any confusing information, creating well-organized team structures and streamlining communication methods. Mackay, D., 2018. One of the leadership behaviors the theory identifies is directive. More research is starting to support the idea that leadership is developed through learning and experience. One of the few agreements within this research is that behaviors can be categorized into: task-oriented, relational-oriented, change-oriented, and passive leadership (pp. The challenge is more intellectual than behavior. The Blake and Mouton Managerial grid shows five management styles plotted on a graph where the y axis shows the leader's level of Concern for People, and the x-axis shows the leader's Concern for Production. Some additional disadvantages of this theory In the mid-1940s, whentrait theorywas still dominant within the field of leadership studies, researchers at Ohio State University sought to draw conclusions of how different leadership behaviors affected leadership performance. This means that although two or more may end up making the same choice in the math test, the factors involved in this choice may be very different from one individual to another. Task-oriented behaviors often include predefined standards for task performance, including how and when tasks shall be performed and by whom. 808 certified writers online. Behavior theory will largely be examined based by analyzing The Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership from Kouzes and Posner. A surprising amount of the early leadership studies were undertaken simultaneously. The above was just a short summary of Blake and Mouton. Students are motivated by behavior that results in short-term rewards. This article explains the behavioral theory of leadership, provides several examples of it, some of its history, and a few examples of leadership behaviors in leadership situations. It may ensure an appropriate response for the solution rather than attempting to apply an irrelevant framework to the situation. After building respect and trust with the followers, these leaders continuously focus on the welfare of the whole team. The foundation of this theory is that happier employees produce more work, encouraging leaders to care for their team members. 19 Other barriers in the Efficient: What's the Difference? After successfully identifying several different behaviors affecting leadership performance, these were grouped into two categories: Initiating Structure and Consideration behavior. We are also in writing partnership with England Editors and Mzansi Writers. With Process Steps and Examples, How To Write a Return-To-Work Letter in 5 Steps (With Examples), What Is a Good Return on Investment (ROI)? One limitation of behavioral theory is that people learn in different ways. This leader tries to balance having good performance while still having consideration for the people. In the 1990s, Fleishman and his colleagues identified 65 distinct classications of leader behavior that have been developed during most of the 20th century. First, Behavior Theory supports the idea that leadership traits can be learned through development and experience. If you focus too much on production, it results in exploited people, unsafe conditions, illness, and high employee turnover. [4]In a changing world, they decided, leaders would exhibit development-oriented behavior. Integrated use of the path goal theory leadership styles (2014) argued that this is a disadvantage for the leadership as it tends. Initiating Structure is a category of leadership behaviors aimed at creating clarity and structure for an organization. (You can also take a look at our leadership styles portal for a great number of leadership articles or get our Leadership Origins E-book which contains more than ten important leadership theories. Current theorists, such as Avolio, Walumbwa, and Weber (2009), have supported that the life context a person grows up around is more influential than heritability in showing career leadership success (pp. This leads to the pros and cons of using Skills Approach in modern leadership positions. Another issue is that, even with the variables mentioned for The disadvantage of the model is that it is limited in the number of traits and does not include other important characteristics vital for leaders performance within an organization. Some potential advantages of the behavioral leadership theory include: The behavioral leadership theory relies on a leader's personal actions and behaviors. According to DeRue and Myers (2013), in order to be a successful leader, there must be development past knowledge and skills. The Indeed Editorial Team comprises a diverse and talented team of writers, researchers and subject matter experts equipped with Indeed's data and insights to deliver useful tips to help guide your career journey. In the evolutionary tree of leadership theory, the behavioral theory of leadership comes third after the Personality era (Great man theory and Trait theory) and the Influence era (Power relations period and Persuasion period), and before the contingency theory of leadership that came slightly later. WebBehavioral Theories of leadership These theories hold that the personal characteristics of a leader are merely a basis, while the true leader is created through practice, education and life experiences. Cognitive skills Every leader should be mindful that reaching high output with the wrong methods is likely to result in long-term challenges and a human toll. Examples of democratic leader tasks include welcoming feedback, delegating tasks and encouraging employees to try new things. It is easy to learn why or how to do these behaviors, but knowing when to behave one way or another, and becoming adept in these behaviors is a far more challenging task. Web126 14K views 2 years ago Leadership Skills - Practical Leadership Behavioral Theory of leadership is a big leap from Trait Theory, as it was developed scientifically by High levels of Initiating-Structure behavior mean a high definition of roles, tasks, expectations, schedules, etc., which leaves few uncertainties for the employees. The behavioral theory of leadership is essential to this day, and lots of the previous research on behavioral leadership formed the foundation of the situational approaches to leadership that most great leaders use today. In fact, the final conclusion was that employee-oriented leaders who also emphasized performance showed the best production levels in the end. In other words, the task-oriented leader mainly considers the structure, task, and production. Related:.css-1v152rs{border-radius:0;color:#2557a7;font-family:"Noto Sans","Helvetica Neue","Helvetica","Arial","Liberation Sans","Roboto","Noto",sans-serif;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:border-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-style 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-width 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-radius 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),box-shadow 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1);transition:border-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-style 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-width 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-radius 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),box-shadow 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1);border-bottom:1px solid;cursor:pointer;}.css-1v152rs:hover{color:#164081;}.css-1v152rs:active{color:#0d2d5e;}.css-1v152rs:focus{outline:none;border-bottom:1px solid;border-bottom-color:transparent;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px;}.css-1v152rs:focus:not([data-focus-visible-added]){box-shadow:none;border-bottom:1px solid;border-radius:0;}.css-1v152rs:hover,.css-1v152rs:active{color:#164081;}.css-1v152rs:visited{color:#2557a7;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){.css-1v152rs{-webkit-transition:none;transition:none;}}.css-1v152rs:focus:active:not([data-focus-visible-added]){box-shadow:none;border-bottom:1px solid;border-radius:0;}Types of Decision-Making Biases (And How To Recognize Bias).css-r5jz5s{width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem;color:inherit;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;height:1em;width:1em;margin:0 0 0.25rem 0.25rem;vertical-align:middle;}. Later, other researchers (Avolio, Pearce, and others) continued identifying new classifications. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Behavior theory consists of skills and styles that differ from traits since behaviors can be developed. Routledge. Behavioral leadership theory does not consider the situation, which is a significant limitation and why I see these theories as outdated. Each student will have a slightly different feeling about the book and no one is necessarily wrong. First, the largest limitation to behavioral theory, and specifically Kouzes and Posners research, is that Relational-oriented behaviors: As the title suggests, in this approach, leaders focus more on people, relationships, teamwork, motivation, and similar areas. McCall and Lombardo concluded the following list of leadership traits in 1983: Emotional Stability and Composure Admitting error Good Interpersonal Skills Read more:.css-1v152rs{border-radius:0;color:#2557a7;font-family:"Noto Sans","Helvetica Neue","Helvetica","Arial","Liberation Sans","Roboto","Noto",sans-serif;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:border-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-style 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-width 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-radius 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),box-shadow 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1);transition:border-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-style 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-width 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-radius 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),box-shadow 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1);border-bottom:1px solid;cursor:pointer;}.css-1v152rs:hover{color:#164081;}.css-1v152rs:active{color:#0d2d5e;}.css-1v152rs:focus{outline:none;border-bottom:1px solid;border-bottom-color:transparent;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px;}.css-1v152rs:focus:not([data-focus-visible-added]){box-shadow:none;border-bottom:1px solid;border-radius:0;}.css-1v152rs:hover,.css-1v152rs:active{color:#164081;}.css-1v152rs:visited{color:#2557a7;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){.css-1v152rs{-webkit-transition:none;transition:none;}}.css-1v152rs:focus:active:not([data-focus-visible-added]){box-shadow:none;border-bottom:1px solid;border-radius:0;}Guide to Top 6 Leadership Theories and How To Apply Them.css-r5jz5s{width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem;color:inherit;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;height:1em;width:1em;margin:0 0 0.25rem 0.25rem;vertical-align:middle;}. We will take a look at these behavioral leadership theories later in this article. This enables the team to maximize using the strengths of each team member and empowers them to own their work and better understand their responsibilities. For example, memorizing multiplication tables will result in positive math tests and tests. Such barriers, noted extensively in the literature, include a lack of incentives, a lack of confidence, clinician cynicism, and poor communication. ), Passive leadership: This is when a leader does very little, or perhaps even nothing, also referred to as laissez-faire leadership or impoverished leadership. For example, behavioral theory does not explain how individual memories and experiences of a student relate to how he or she interprets a book or takes on a challenge that he or she has never been trained to deal with. The Michigan University Leadership studies found two categories of leadership behaviors: job-oriented and employee-oriented leadership behaviors. This leadership style, which is another aspect of the Blake and Mouton Managerial Grid, emphasizes achieving the end results but adopts a more flexible approach. Patients are taught to diagnose negative thoughts about pain and how to reduce pain with awareness and relaxation techniques. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Leading with this style results in less than maximum output, but it also leads to a better situation for the people involved. This type of manager displays little concern in general and only does the minimum required to avoid getting fired. According to Linda Blm, who is working to develop new theories of learning and writing at Carnegie Mellon University, project-related methods are not considered how students overcome challenges (Mackay, 2018). The Ohio State leadership research suggests that these two leadership behaviors lead to four possible outcomes, or quadrants, with four different leadership styles reflecting the leader's behavior. Four different behavioral leadership theories emerged in the time frame of 1930-1970, and they will be introduced below in chronological order, even though some overlap makes that rather difficult. WebWhile behavior theories may differ in their take on how human behavior arises, the benefits of these theories include changed behavior, improved self-belief and greater self-confidence. Country Club Management means excellent concern for people but low concern for production, resulting in happy employees but meager output. The Michigan leadership article also contains the references for this short summary. Several behavioral leadership studies have concluded that the best leaders are both production and people-oriented, such as the Ohio and Michigan Leadership Studies. Behavioral leadership theory opened up new possibilities for leadership development compared to previous ideas of the trait theory of leadership. ), Change-oriented behaviors: Leaders from this category conceptually differ from the above two. According to some definitions, Laissez-faire leadership means a complete absence of leadership. This description is an extract from our Ohio State Leadership Studies article, which also contains the sources for the above summary. Positioned in another extreme position in the managerial grid,the Authority-Compliance or Authority-Obedience styleis high on production and low on concern for people. You may lose sight of your organizational objective and end up responding to immediate requirements only. Scoring in daily activities helps to develop pain management skills and also builds confidence in the individuals ability to participate and enjoy a variety of activities (Dietrich and Feeley, 2016). Learn More. Historian and philosopher Thomas Carlyle proposed the idea in the 1800s that all leaders have similar traits that qualify them to become leaders, supporting the theory of natural-born leaders. 15-16). Sharma, M., 2015. The Blake-Mouton managerial grid provides a good overview of the different trade-offs many leaders feel forced to make. This theory, also called the.css-1v152rs{border-radius:0;color:#2557a7;font-family:"Noto Sans","Helvetica Neue","Helvetica","Arial","Liberation Sans","Roboto","Noto",sans-serif;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:border-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-style 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-width 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-radius 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),box-shadow 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1);transition:border-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-style 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-width 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-radius 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),box-shadow 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1);border-bottom:1px solid;cursor:pointer;}.css-1v152rs:hover{color:#164081;}.css-1v152rs:active{color:#0d2d5e;}.css-1v152rs:focus{outline:none;border-bottom:1px solid;border-bottom-color:transparent;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px;}.css-1v152rs:focus:not([data-focus-visible-added]){box-shadow:none;border-bottom:1px solid;border-radius:0;}.css-1v152rs:hover,.css-1v152rs:active{color:#164081;}.css-1v152rs:visited{color:#2557a7;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){.css-1v152rs{-webkit-transition:none;transition:none;}}.css-1v152rs:focus:active:not([data-focus-visible-added]){box-shadow:none;border-bottom:1px solid;border-radius:0;}style theory of leadership.css-r5jz5s{width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem;color:inherit;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;height:1em;width:1em;margin:0 0 0.25rem 0.25rem;vertical-align:middle;}, differs from previous leadership theories. (And How To Apply It to Yourself), Democratic Leadership Style in the Workplace: Pros and Cons, How To Become a Strong Leader (With Traits and Tips), Types of Decision-Making Biases (And How To Recognize Bias), 6433 Champion Grandview Way Building 1, Austin, TX 78750, 9 Sales Commission Structures (With Formulas and Examples), Effective vs. Due to this, there are some overlaps and intersections between various theories. Concern for people involves the well-being, care, and importance given to employees and other human stakeholders. Some behavioral theories assume that leaders have a certain innate behavior as part of a personality. The first study was conducted in Ohio State University in the 1940s. Recognizing that an individual has the power to change his or her behavior with subsequent changes in the outcome creates self-confidence that leads to new changes. Albert Bandura, a psychologist at Stanford University, says that many factors, ranging from genetics to life experiences, oppose individual learning methods (Mackay, 2018). 3. Generally, an example of the behavioral theory of leadership could be comparing a task-oriented leader with a people-oriented leader [1]. While characteristics theory holds that "leaders are born, not produced," behavioral theories hold that distinct behavioral patterns of leaders may be learned via learning and experience. While trait theory focuses on "who the leaders are," behavioral theories focus on "what the leaders do." High levels of Initiating Structure behavior also mean the leader makes all decisions, punishes sub-par performance among followers, and underlines the importance of results. In contrast, other behavioral leadership theories assume that any leader can display or emulate specific behaviors to succeed. Instead, a leader's effectiveness is based on the situation. The main This type of leadership thrives on collaboration and communication. The student should not only be able to read and write properly, but also understand the text and develop a unique idea about it. Example tasks for people-oriented leaders may be mentoring team members, asking how to help employees prevent mistakes from happening again, listening to employees' concerns and encouraging team members. (The transformational leadership style, with is a contingency theory within the Full Range Leadership Model, or Visionary leadership, part of the situational theory by Goleman are leadership styles with strong change-oriented behaviors. WebThe Behavioral theories of leadership focus on the behaviors of a leader. The behavioral theories of leadership suggest that people can choose to become leaders themselves based on their actions. This leadership style, which is from the Blake and Mouton Managerial Grid, exists almost as a neutral manager, as it combines some elements of other.css-1v152rs{border-radius:0;color:#2557a7;font-family:"Noto Sans","Helvetica Neue","Helvetica","Arial","Liberation Sans","Roboto","Noto",sans-serif;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:border-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-style 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-width 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-radius 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),box-shadow 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1);transition:border-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-style 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-bottom-width 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),border-radius 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),box-shadow 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1),color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1);border-bottom:1px solid;cursor:pointer;}.css-1v152rs:hover{color:#164081;}.css-1v152rs:active{color:#0d2d5e;}.css-1v152rs:focus{outline:none;border-bottom:1px solid;border-bottom-color:transparent;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px;}.css-1v152rs:focus:not([data-focus-visible-added]){box-shadow:none;border-bottom:1px solid;border-radius:0;}.css-1v152rs:hover,.css-1v152rs:active{color:#164081;}.css-1v152rs:visited{color:#2557a7;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){.css-1v152rs{-webkit-transition:none;transition:none;}}.css-1v152rs:focus:active:not([data-focus-visible-added]){box-shadow:none;border-bottom:1px solid;border-radius:0;}leadership styles.css-r5jz5s{width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem;color:inherit;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;height:1em;width:1em;margin:0 0 0.25rem 0.25rem;vertical-align:middle;}without displaying them fully. 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