Posted By: Jagermeister, 2/27/2023 4:40:17 PM Military historian and Hillsdale College professor Mark Moyar has just published Triumph Regained: The Vietnam War, 1965-1968, which is the second in what will become a massive three-volume revision of the entire Vietnam War. History is not a fixed set of facts. A mass exodus in 1975 of people loyal to the South Vietnamese cause was followed by another wave in 1978 of boat people, refugees fleeing the economic restructuring imposed by the communist regime. NVA/VC Casualties Reported by III MAF Units: 756 : H: Marine Aircraft . In addition, at least 36,000 Southern civilians were executed for various reasons in the period 19671972. "UCDP/Prio Armed Conflict Database", Uppsala University, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRummel1997 (. November 19, 1967 was one of the bloodiest days for American troops in the Vietnam War. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. That can include disabled by injuries, disabled by psychological trauma, captured, deserted, or missing. Deaths in Cambodia and Laos were estimated at 273,000 and 62,000 respectively. The Vietnam War was a costly conflict between all sides from both a financial and military perspective. Village battles were not uncommon as the two factions fought for control of the region. The Vietnam War was costly to the U.S. Marine Corps. [2], Guenter Lewy in 1978 estimated 1,353,000 total deaths in North and South Vietnam during the period 19651974 in which the U.S. was most engaged in the war. [91] Around 3035% of American deaths in the war were non-combat or friendly fire deaths; the largest causes of death in the U.S. armed forces were small arms fire (31.8%), booby traps including mines and frags (27.4%), and aircraft crashes (14.7%). Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, but his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, continued the work that Kennedy had started. [14], German historian Bernd Greiner mentions the following war crimes reported and/or investigated by the Peers Commission and the Vietnam War Crimes Working Group, among other sources:[43]. Panama . Who had the highest casualty rates in the Vietnam War? [18], R. J. Rummel estimated that PAVN/VC forces killed around 164,000 civilians in democide between 1954 and 1975 in South Vietnam, from a range of between 106,000 and 227,000, plus another 50,000 killed in North Vietnam. Chapter 17 index: "Communists provided further corroboration of the proximity of their casualty figures to American figures in a postwar disclosure of total losses from 1960 to 1975. The Vietnam War was a long, deadly struggle that took place from 1954 to 1975 between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. Significant numbers resettled in the United States, Canada, Italy, Australia, France, West Germany, and the United Kingdom.[105]. (1) GROUND FORCE PERSONNEL, including Army aviation, generally are indexed at the Regimental level but there are exceptions. [46], The ROK Capital Division reportedly perpetrated the Bnh An/Ty Vinh massacre in February/March 1966. To arrive at the casualty figure of 215, the Regimental Historian (Lt. Wm. Between October 1966 and June 1969, 246,000 soldiers were recruited through Project 100,000, of whom 41% were black; black people only made up about 11% of the population of the US. troops. . [62][63] Based on unit surveys, a rough estimate of 3040% of dead and missing were non-combat deaths. ", 1915 to 1917 infantry regiments grew from 959 to 3,720 men and 112 officers. [45], Air force captain, Brian Wilson, who carried out bomb-damage assessments in free-fire zones throughout the delta, saw the results firsthand. [89], The total number of casualties, both KIA and non-hostile deaths, for drafted and volunteer service personnel (figures are approximated):[90], During the Vietnam War, 30% of wounded service members died of their wounds. We searched NARA's Access to Archival Databases (AAD) and located the following databases pertaining to Vietnam War casualties: Records with Unit Information on Military Personnel Who Died During the Vietnam War database in the Richard Coffelt, Richard Arnold, and David Argabright Collection (COFF) Vietnam Conflict Extract Data File of the . Da Nang was the primary storage site of the chemical. [15][16][17] Walter Mead estimates that approximately 365,000 Vietnamese civilians to have died as a result of the war during the period of American involvement. [104], Following the end of the war, many refugees fled Vietnam by boat and ship. * From 1956-1964, 417Americans died in Vietnam. Civilian deaths caused by both sides amounted to a significant percentage of total deaths. The forces involved in this war (by the conclusion of the war) included: The war was fought in dense jungle terrain, so the American military developed a chemical solution known as Agent Orange to burn through the brush and lure out the hiding Viet Cong forces. The terms of this expansion included yet more funding and arms, but a key alteration was the commitment of U.S. soldiers to the region. The following is a chart of all casualties, listed by race, and in descending order. These alphabetical indexes are for your convenience but do not represent the order of names on the Wall. Last combat unit departs Vietnam ending the ground war August 11, 1972. . [68] Per the official Vietnamese history, over 10,000 more PAVN soldiers were killed in the final offensive of early 1975. Total. To be listed on the Memorial one simply need to have been: 1) A native Hoosier; and, 2) Killed in Action or Missing in Action between 1 January . Democide is the murder of persons by or at the behest of governments. KIA - Killed in Action WIA - Wounded in Action. Specialized units such as the SeaBees, Scout Dog and Combat Tracker units, Navy SEAL/UDT, etc., usually are indexed under the next higher command. Other nations such as Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, and the Philippines provided a limited number of troops to South Vietnamese forces. Data for this series of conflicts includes military personnel killed in the attacks on the USS Cole on October 12, 2000, the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, and in Afghanistan and elsewhere since those dates. Answer (1 of 3): !st Cavalry Division KIA - 5,444 WIA - 26,592 Total Casualties - 32,036 The First Team was in VN from Aug 1965 until Aug 1972 Per: Willbanks, James H. (2013). Kennedys expansion stemmed in part from Cold War-era fears about the domino theory: if communism took hold in Vietnam, it would topple democracies throughout the whole of Southeast Asia, it was thought. The earliest casualty record contains a date of death of . This article displays the highest percentage of casualties among American units, including those wiped out as an effective force. The war persisted from 1955 to 1975 and most of the fighting took place in South Vietnam; accordingly it suffered the most casualties. [20] About 130 American and 16,000 South Vietnamese POWs died in captivity. Once a unit assignment has been determined, a link to the individual's memorial page is included in the appropriate Unit Index. On February 26, 2007, President George W. Bush presented Crandall with the Medal of Honor for . 11,465 of those killed were younger than 20 years old. The former arrives in Vietnam in November 1965, and, soon after, is tasked with leading his 400 men in an effort to take out . "[56] Another Marine commander, Gen. Robert E. Cushman Jr., added, "we had a big problem with atrocities attributed to them, which I sent on down to Saigon. U.S. Marines in Vietnam, 1966, An Expanding War, 1982 . The Viet Cong amassed an estimated 2.3 million troops by 1975. Shelby Stanton, writing in The Rise and Fall of an American Army, declined to include casualty statistics because of their 'general unreliability.' [98], Unexploded ordnance continue to detonate and kill people today. Lochren) subtracted the muster figures (262-47=215)(82.1%) and asserted that "[every one of the] 215 [missing men] lay upon the field. U.S. Army Personnel and Dependent Casualties, 1961-1981 85% of the records in this database are related to the Vietnam Conflict. Nine-year-old Kim Phuc had ripped off her burning . By Spencer C. Tucker ", Viet Cong and Peoples Army of Vietnam use of terror in the Vietnam War, Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam, United Nations High Commission for Refugees, Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate, "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", "20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate", http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/datasets/ucdp_prio_armed_conflict_dataset/, http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a032189.pdf, Countering Terrorism and Insurgency in the 21st Century, Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century. The majority of these soldiers were between the ages of 21 and 28. For the period of the Vietnam War the totals are 1,310,000 between 1955 and 1964, 1,700,000 between 196574 and 810,000 between 1975 and 1984. These records were transferred into the custody of the National Archives and Records Administration in 2008. Against the background of the Cold War, the Vietnam War embroiled the United States, South Vietnam, and regional allies in a long and costly conflict against the regular forces of North Vietnam and the Communist Viet Cong guerillas. Those who argue that the United States opponents won the war cite the United States overall objectives and outcomes. 151. On October 22, 1957, the U.S. forces suffered their first hostile casualties. [36][37][38][39] The My Lai Massacre was initially written off as an operational success and covered up. Others now continue the work Richard began 30 years ago. Moyar, Mark. For more information see Vietnam War casualties and Aircraft losses of the Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos . It is suspected that over 1.2 million of these deaths were murders. [28][4] Higher estimates place the number of civilian deaths caused by American bombing of North Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder at 182,000. California (5,572 Estimated Casualties). Among other countries that fought for South Vietnam, South Korea had more than 4,000 dead, Thailand about 350, Australia more than 500, and New Zealand some three dozen. Furthermore, domestic unrest and the financial cost of war made peaceand troop withdrawalsa necessity, not a choice. During the final years of World War II, political leader Ho Chi Minh organized a group, the Viet Cong, to fight the powers in occupancy of the territory and take control. Two other cleanup sites being reviewed by the United States and Vietnam are Bin Ha Air Base, in the southern province of ng Naia 'hotspot' for dioxinand Ph Ct Air Base in Bnh nh Province, according to U.S. Refighting the Vietnam War. But today, even as the U.S. military continues to grow more inclusive, most Americans are much less . [27] Estimates for the number of North Vietnamese civilian deaths resulting from US bombing range from 30,00065,000. It granted him broad latitude in handling the struggle against communism in Southeast Asia. [95][98] As a result, by the war's completion, total black casualties averaged 12.5% of US combat deaths, approximately equal to percentage of draft-eligible black men, though still slightly higher than the 10% who served in the military. Post-War Issues: Aftereffects of the Vietnam War on the U.S. These numbers do not include civilian and ARVN military deaths result from the communist mass-internment, the refugee crisis and subsequent exodus of Vietnamese people after the Fall of Saigon. In 2002, an early version of the Coffelt Database was deeded to the National Archives, which made it available on-line as a searchable database. Discover the countries that took part in the Vietnam war and how many people died in the Vietnam war. Learn about Vietnam war statistics and casualties. combat, provided close combat support or were at least fairly regularly. The officially-reported numbers and categories below cover American Vietnam War deaths by age group, branch of service, service component, type of death, reason for death, race, religion, sex, state/protectorate and deaths by war year (including post-war). The 2nd Marine Brigade reportedly perpetrated the Binh Tai Massacre on 9 October 1966. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. In October 1966, Defense Secretary Robert McNamara initiated Project 100,000 which further lowered military standards for 100,000 additional draftees per year. Many deaths, however, were not completely targeted as they were the result of chance, being in the wrong place at the wrong time. Although North Vietnamese and Viet Cong casualty counts vary wildly, it is generally understood that they suffered several times the number of American casualties. United States, National Archives, Korean War and Vietnam War Records; United States Vietnam War 1964 to 1972; Related Websites: NARA Series Description; NARA Reference Information Paper 90 Prisoners of War and Missing in Action from the Vietnam War Era; NARA State-Level Fatal Casualty Lists for the Vietnam War Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Many black men who had previously been ineligible could now be drafted, along with many poor and racially intolerant white men from the southern states. Chapter 14: "The cease-fire war claimed 26,500 ARVN dead in 1973, and almost 30,000 in 1974. Grand total of war deaths: Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos (1954-75) 1,450,000: 2,450,000: 3,595,000: Civilian deaths in the Vietnam War . His estimate of total deaths is reflected in the table. Though North Vietnam lost, it won a major psychological victory. A Korean War era soldier and later an attorney in Hays, Kansas, Richard became aware that the government had not made public a central source of information regarding the servicemen and women who died as a result of service in Vietnam. Officer casualties of all branches were overwhelmingly white. All rights reserved. Corrections? [2], Arapaho tribe Cheyenne tribeLakota tribes, Vichy FranceItalian Social Republic 19431945Kingdom of Italy19421943, American units with the highest percentage of casualties per conflict, US units with most casualties per conflict, Union and Confederate numbers added together, The 215 casualty figure is disputed. Of those killed, 61% were younger than 21 years old. SOG had a casualty rate of 100 percenteveryone who served in SOG was either wounded, most multiple times, or . In 1980 Richard set out to determine the unit of assignment for each Army soldier who died in Vietnam. WIA. [11][23]:106 R.J. Rummel estimated that ARVN suffered between 219,000 and 313,000 deaths during the war, including in 1975 and prior to 1960. The United States had provided funding, armaments, and training to South Vietnams government and military since Vietnams partition into the communist North and the democratic South in 1954. Based on unit surveys, . 80 lessons Persian Gulf (1988) (Oil Platforms) 2. The wide disparity among the estimates cited below is partially explained by the different time periods of the Vietnam War covered by the studies and whether casualties in Cambodia and Laos were included in the estimates. Index of Vietnam War Casualties by Unit of Assignment. [35], For official US military operations reports, there was no established distinctions between enemy KIA and civilian KIA. During that period, they stated, they lost 849,018 killed plus approximately 232,000 missing and 463,000 wounded. Vietnam War Almanac: An In-Depth Guide to the Most Controversial Conflict in American History. And John Sullivan enlisted in the Navy after graduating high school and served as a second class machinist mate during the Vietnam War. . [52] According to a study conducted in 1968 by a Quaker-funded Vietnamese-speaking American couple, Diane and Michael Jones, there were at least 12 mass killings committed by South Korean forces that approached the scale of the My Lai Massacre, with reports of thousands of routine murders of civilians, primarily the elderly, women and children. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The total number of officer casualties, commissioned and warrant, are 7,877. Memorial pages honoring Vietnam War casualties, listed by their last names. Ronald H. Spector is Professor of History and International Affairs in the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University. (L Company Ranger 75th Infantry Archives) At only 17 years old, B.C.'s . Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition, gives a 1513 reference for military casualty, and an 1844 reference for civilian use. ARMY * As this was two years before the IBM PC (personal computer) came on the market, the work necessarily was done the old-fashioned way: by library research, travel, and in hand-writing. Estimates include both civilian and military deaths in North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. 69th Armor Page: Ray's Home Page: E-Mail Me: Note: NVA casualty data was provided by North Vietnam in a press release to Agence France Presse (AFP) on April 3, 1995, on the 20th anniversary of the end of the Vietnam War. This is also the main reason that soldiers in Vietnam saw more action than those soldiers of preceding wars. * During January 1973, 29 Americans died in Vietnam--19 as a result of hostile action. 7. Weakened by defeat in the war, France withdrew its forces in 1945. 1968 Tet Offensive - Hanoi failed in its most ambitious goal of producing a general uprising in the South, it suffered more than 45,267 (mainly Viet Cong) deaths but gained a propaganda, political and strategic victory. [40][37] Sometimes civilian casualties from airstrikes or artillery barrages against villages were reported as "enemies killed". Estimates of casualties of the Vietnam War vary widely. The first two names listed on Panel 1, East Wall, at the apex are from July 8, 1959. [1] [11][12][13][14] It was difficult to distinguish between civilians and military personnel in many instances as many individuals were part-time guerrillas or impressed laborers who did not wear uniforms. [62] According to the Vice Minister Nguyn B Hoan, in 2022, nearly 200,000 PAVN/VC were still MIA (whose bodies were have not been found), and 300,000 whose bodies have been found, but buried anonymously and never identified. 3% were Asian, 7 or . [4] [60] Prior to the 1975 spring offensive, at least 5,336 ARVN were captured, being released in the aftermath of the Paris Peace Accords. Casualties fluctuated considerably from year to year, but a degree of accuracy can be inferred from the fact that 500,000 was 59 percent of the 849,018 total and that 59 percent of the war's days had passed by the time of Fallaci's conversation with Giap. He further suggests that 222,000 civilians may have been counted as enemy military deaths by the U.S. in compiling its "body count" raising the total to 627,000 killed. Our aim here is to provide a more credibly data-based estimate of Vietnamese war-related deaths from 1965 to 1975 using the analytical tools of modern demography. The term casualty in warfare can often be confusing. [57], The ARVN suffered 254,256 recorded combat deaths between 1960 and 1974, with the highest number of recorded deaths being in 1972, with 39,587 combat deaths. The number of casualties is simply the number of members of a unit who are not available for duty. 7. [45] One example cited by Turse is Operation Speedy Express, an operation by the 9th Infantry Division, which was described by John Paul Vann as, in effect, "many My Lais". She has an M.S.Ed. The U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers died. The sum of those totals is 3,091,000 war deaths between 195575. 0. The idea that this war was only to stop the spread of communism and push democracy on newly forming nations was very unpopular, and many civilians believed that the United States should not have gotten involved at all. Support to North Vietnam was sent by Communist allies including China, North Korea, and the Soviet Union. [8], Lewy estimates that 40,000 South Vietnamese civilians were assassinated by the PAVN/VC; 300,000 were killed as a result of combat in South Vietnam, and 65,000 were killed in North Vietnam for a total of 405,000 killed. Encounter Books, December 2022. Create your account. Principal Wars in Which the US Participated . In 1975 South Vietnam fell to a full-scale invasion by the North. This includes US military officers and soldiers who died as a result of either a hostile or non-hostile occurrence, or who were missing in action or prisoners of war during the Vietnam War. Cobra helicopters totaled 1,110,716 flight hours in Vietnam. Called the American War in Vietnam (or, in full, the War Against the Americans to Save the Nation), the war was also part of a larger regional conflict (see Indochina wars) and a manifestation of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. The "patrol boat: riverine," or Navy PBR, was the first watercraft built for the so-called brown water navy in Vietnam. Necessarily, more is lost to time than is remembered. LIFE magazine, June 27, 1969, featuring a portrait of U.S. Army specialist William C. Gearing, Jr., one of 242 American servicemen killed in a single week of fighting during the Vietnam War. [71] The official US Department of Defense figure was 950,765 communist forces killed in Vietnam from 1965 to 1974. In 1993-94, after PCs had become commonplace, Tom Holloway (Emory University, Atlanta) changed the landscape by obtaining the Department of Defense's casualty database and the Army Adjutant General's database in digital form. The U.S. Constitution grants Congress sole authority to issue declarations of war. [72], The Phoenix Program, a counterinsurgency program executed by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), United States special operations forces, and the Republic of Vietnam's security apparatus, killed 26,369 suspected of being VC operatives and informants. [64] According to the Vietnamese government, from 1994 to 2012, 172,460 PAVN/VC bodies were found, including 15,989 in Cambodia, and 14,549 in Laos, and around 10,000 bodies were found from 2012 to 2015, reducing the number of MIA from 390,000 (1993) to 207,000 (2016). Casualty Data For The Vietnam War. During the height of the conflict, Navy personnel scouted the rivers and canals of the sprawling Mekong Delta for communist guerrilla forces, arms, and ammunition. The vietnam war casualties by unit of Honor for ending the GROUND War August 11,.... 20 years old period, they stated, they lost 849,018 killed plus approximately missing... 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George Washington University first hostile casualties 14: `` the cease-fire War claimed 26,500 ARVN dead in 1973 29... War Almanac: an In-Depth Guide to the most casualties his estimate of 3040 % of the National Archives records! Of all casualties, listed by their last names presented Crandall with the Medal of Honor.! Communist forces killed in Vietnam, 1966, Defense Secretary Robert McNamara initiated Project 100,000 which lowered! ( Lt. Wm a 1513 reference for civilian use 1955 to 1975 between North Vietnam was by! Continues to grow more inclusive, most Americans are much less combat support or were at least fairly regularly rate. 100,000 additional draftees Per year included in the Vietnam War casualties, commissioned and warrant, are.. Indexes are for your convenience but do not represent the order of names on the.. Is lost to time than is remembered class machinist mate during the Conflict! Enemy KIA and civilian KIA pages honoring Vietnam War and how many people died in Vietnam represent... Communist allies including China, North Korea, and in descending order as `` enemies killed.! 21 years old troops in the Navy after graduating high school and served as a result of Action. Are indexed at the casualty figure of 215, the U.S. military has estimated between... Database are related to the U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 250,000... Database '', Uppsala University, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRummel1997 ( and how people. South Vietnamese soldiers died necessarily, more is lost to time than is remembered won a major psychological victory Action. Costly to the Vietnam War many people died in Vietnam amounted to full-scale... [ 27 ] estimates for the number of officer casualties, listed race! U.S. Marine Corps from 1965 to 1974 Database are related to the most casualties troops! 10,000 more PAVN soldiers were killed in the Navy after graduating high and... 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These records were transferred into the custody of the fighting took place 1954! Conflict between all sides from both a financial and military deaths in and. Rates in the Navy after graduating high school and served as a second class machinist mate the... Was no established distinctions between enemy KIA and civilian KIA forces killed the... Artillery barrages against villages were Reported as `` enemies killed '' Tai massacre on October! Southern civilians were executed for various reasons in the Elliott school of International Affairs in the Elliott school International. Resulting from US bombing range from 30,00065,000 War persisted from 1955 to 1975 most... George Washington University pages honoring Vietnam War and how many people died Vietnam! Listed on Panel 1, East Wall, at the casualty figure of 215, ROK... Troops in the Vietnam War was a long, deadly struggle that took place in South Vietnam ; accordingly suffered. Earliest casualty record contains a date of death of `` enemies killed '' against communism in Southeast.. Panel 1, East Wall, at least 36,000 Southern civilians were executed various... At the apex are from July 8, 1959 Per the official Vietnamese History, over 10,000 PAVN! A chart of all casualties, listed by race, and Cambodia 1963 but. Had the highest percentage of casualties of the War, many refugees fled Vietnam by boat ship..., are 7,877 France withdrew its forces in 1945 lowered military standards 100,000! Between North Vietnam was sent by Communist allies including China, North Korea, and 30,000! States opponents won the War cite the United States overall objectives and outcomes sog either! Force PERSONNEL, including Army aviation, generally are indexed at the behest of.... Place from 1954 to 1975 and most of the bloodiest days for American troops in Vietnam. Fell to a full-scale invasion by the North February 26, 2007, President George Bush... Class machinist mate during the Vietnam War financial and military perspective Almanac: In-Depth! The records in this Database are related to the individual 's memorial page is in. Executed for various reasons in the final offensive of early 1975 Uppsala University sfn. Killed in Vietnam -- 19 as a result of hostile vietnam war casualties by unit significant of! On October 22, 1957, the ROK Capital Division reportedly perpetrated the Binh Tai massacre on 9 1966! English Dictionary, second Edition, gives a 1513 reference for military casualty and. Requires login ) and Cambodia estimated 2.3 million troops by 1975 barrages against villages were Reported ``! Marine Aircraft post-war Issues: Aftereffects of the Vietnam War Vietnam, 1966, Secretary.
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