Official websites use .gov In so doing, OPR will consider the attorneys affirmative actions, as well as actions that the attorney failed to take. The Daily Business Review identified Ratiners lawyer as Kevin Tynan; he did not immediately respond to an ABA Journal request for comment. This offense includes stealing from the client, mingling the attorney's money with that of the client, and controlling client funds without authorization. 2002. misconduct was "serious," and that he is "an experienced judicial officer" who had already been disciplined for judicial misconduct. The actions such as conflict of interest, over billing, refusing to represent a client for political or professional motives, false or misleading statements, hiding evidence, abandoning a client, failing to disclose all relevant facts, arguing a position while neglecting to disclose prior law which might counter the argument, and having sex with a client constitutes attorney misconduct. This means the attorney lost his or her license to practice law for a period of time. However, not all violations of the law may result in professional censure. 8 reviews. The attorney guilty of misappropriating funds was disbarred. This lawyer was disciplined by a state licensing authority in 1998. Ultimate disposition of lawyer discipline should be public in cases of disbarment, suspension, and reprimand. Div.1992]). Lastly, the attorney must notify any opposing counsel in any pending matters of the ruling. The American Bar Association (ABA) has recognized sexual relations between attorneys and their clients as a significant ethical problem for the legal profession. In the end, lawyers must carefully consider the Model Rules, state requirements, and case law when weighing whether to reporting a lawyer's alcohol-related misconduct to disciplinary authorities. Attorney misconduct may include: conflict of interest, overbilling, refusing to represent a client for political or professional motives, false or misleading statements, knowingly accepting worthless lawsuits, hiding evidence, abandoning a client, failing to disclose all relevant facts, arguing a position while neglecting to disclose prior law which might counter the argument, or having sex with a client. 1993. Professional discipline is generally the best known sanction for attorney misconduct. This paragraph does not preclude legitimate advice or advocacy consistent with these Rules. For example, complaints growing out of a domestic relations . The only goal of the defense attorney is to defend the accused, and they have to do so even if they know that the accused is guilty. Washington DC 20530-0001. SC95984. In the first ethics case, Ratiner was suspended for 60 days as a result of his conduct in a 2007 deposition. Licensed for 9 years. It's time to renew your membership and keep access to free CLE, valuable publications and more. For example, an attorney is often called upon to hold or transfer money for a client, and in this situation, the client places an extraordinary amount of trust in the lawyer. Types of Sanctions. 1 . Many types of attorney misconduct involve a conflict of interest on the part of the attorney. Copyright 2023 The State Bar of California, Using a Certified Lawyer Referral Service, Certified Lawyer Referral Services Directory, Despus de presentar una queja por prctica no autorizada, Certified Lawyer Referral Service Complaints, Uncertified Lawyer Referral Service Complaints, What a Certified Lawyer Referral Service Can Do for You, What to Expect Regarding Fees and Billing, Avoiding Fraud by Immigration Consultants, Evite el fraude por parte de los consultores de inmigracin, Buscando ayuda con asuntos de inmigracin, Proveedores de servicios legales de inmigracin, Legal Services Fraud Alert for Homeowners, Alerta a Propietarios Referente al Fraude de Servicios Legales, Alerta a Arrendatarios Referente al Fraude de Servicios Legales, Promoting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, Ad Hoc Commission on the Discipline System, Committee of State Bar Accredited and Registered Schools, Committee on Professional Responsibility and Conduct, Committee on Special Discipline Case Audit, Review Committee of the Commission on Judicial Nominees Evaluation, Lawyer Assistance Program Oversight Committee, Out-of-Country Deadline Extension Request, Voluntary LAP for Law Students and Applicants, Client Trust Account and IOLTA Registration, Title 2 Rights and Responsibilities of Licensees, Title 4 Admissions and Educational Standards, Chapter 4. It's time to renew your membership and keep access to free CLE, valuable publications and more. Andrews, Carol Rice. Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics 15 (fall): 95125. 1999. The American Bar Association (ABA) has established model rules of professional conduct[3] expected of attorneys, which most states in the U.S. have incorporated as part of their state laws. Attorney . If they do, this is known as client abandonment, and it is a form of misconduct. 198494. The State Bar plays a central role in the development and enforcement of laws that govern attorney conduct. Discipline of any lawyer is a serious matter, because it can lead to the permanent loss of the lawyer's license to practice in the state. "The Catch-22 of Model Rule 8.3." A lawyer who becomes sexually involved with a client in a Divorce proceeding can take advantage of the client under-going emotional trauma. New York: Practicing Law Institute. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Struzzi, Melissa A. That is, it is largely regulated by lawyers and judges themselves rather than by the government or outside agencies. For instance, suspension of license or disbarment is imposed on attorney's who are found guilty for attorney misconduct. To deter other lawyers from such conduct, the bar should publish a report describing the facts in cases where admonitions are imposed but omitting the names of the disciplined lawyers. If the respondent refuses to accept an admonition, however, the admonition is vacated and the matter disposed of by formal charges. (5) Admonition by disciplinary counsel imposed with the consent of the respondent and the approval of the chair of a hearing committee. For that reason, the legal profession has created strict rules of conduct regarding the attorney's relationship with the client. ), for example, requires sanctions for lawyers and clients who file frivolous or abusive claims in court. The duration of a suspension should reflect the nature and extent of the lawyer's misconduct and any mitigating or aggravating circumstances involved. Should you need legal representation in the defense of your professional license, the Law Offices of Albert Goodwin are here for you. This letter outlines the decision resulting from a disciplinary hearing and the reasons for the outcome. Attorney Liability Protection Society, Inc. Attorney Professional Liability Insurance, Attorney Registration and Disciplinary Commission, attorney who represents himself has a fool for a client. The St. Louis attorney was found culpable in matters of misconduct not outlined in the court documents for Supreme Court Case No. Transactions with Persons Other than Clients, Chapter 7. A Mobile, Alabama woman was charged with sexual misconduct after she allegedly slapped a jail nurse on the butt and told her, "Oh, your booty is popping!". Kane, Andrew W., et al. The Illinois Supreme Court suspended James H. Himmel from the practice of law for one year after he failed to report a misappropriation of client funds by another lawyer, a violation of rule 1-103(a) of the Illinois Code of Professional Responsibility. Alternatively, OPR may conclude that a violation resulted from the attorneys reckless disregard of the applicable obligation or standard. Behavior by an attorney that conflicts with established rules of professional conduct and is punishable by disciplinary measures.More than any other profession, the legal profession is self-governing. The major complaint about defense attorneys is that they do not communicate regularly with clients. Bethany Brewer, 42, was booked into Metro Jail last September on a public intoxication charge. The attorney typically returns to practicing law when the suspension expires. The court, the board, or counsel may impose probation. The prosecutor was married to the court-appointed counsel's law partner, creating a potential conflict of interest. Understanding Lawyers' Ethics. Providing a client with financial assistance also introduces a conflict of interest into the attorney-client relationship. Generally, however, the first step after receiving an allegation is to conduct an initial review of the allegations to determine whether further review is warranted. Thus, for example, an attorney who by representing one client adversely affects another client has a conflict of interest and is guilty of misconduct. The need for a measure of judgment here is substantial. [7], In Ohralik v. Ohio State Bar Assn., the U.S. Supreme Court upheld rules against lawyers directly making unsolicited contact with potential clients. Whatever their basis, these codes or rules define the lawyer's proper role and relationship to the client. The seventh seat is currently vacant following the death of Justice Richard Teiteiman. The State Bar of Californias principal mission is protecting the public, primarily through a rigorous licensing process, regulating attorneys, prosecuting complaints of lawyer misconduct and promoting ethical conduct. Disciplinary Commission 251 N. Illinois Street, Suite 1650 Indianapolis, IN 46204 A valid complaint must include: Your name, current address, and contact information in the form of telephone and email (if you have one). A reprimand is imposed only in cases of relatively minor misconduct. If probation is imposed by the board or by counsel, the consent of the respondent is required. Model Rules of Professional Conduct. Brendan Dassey's former lawyer says he has "no opinion as to his factual guilt or innocence." By Staci Zaretsky. For example, an attorney was disbarred in Maryland for publishing misleading advertisements soliciting customers for "quickie" foreign divorces and misrepresenting his competence and knowledge of the law (Attorney Grievance Committee v. McCloskey, 306 Md. 1998. A lawyer's duty to self-report misconduct, on the other hand, varies by state. Since 1908, the ABA has been responsible for defining the standards of proper conduct for the legal profession. (3) Probation imposed by the court not in excess of two years, or imposed by the board or counsel with the consent of the respondent not in excess of two years; provided, however, that probation may be renewed for an additional [two year] period by consent or after a hearing to determine if there is a continued need for supervision. Suite 3266 Will be used in accordance with our terms of service & privacy policy. Any secrets revealed to an attorney by a client outside of their legal relationship may not be protected by attorney-client privilege. Legal malpractice is a separate concept such as when an attorney fails to adequately, professionally, competently, or zealously represent a client. The word fiduciary in this quotation comes from the Latin word fiducia, meaning "trust"; as a fiduciary, then, the attorney acts as the trusted representative of the client. A private sanction in those cases informs the lawyer that his or her conduct is unethical but does not unnecessarily stigmatize a lawyer from whom the public needs no protection. For example, an attorney may not make statements related to the character, credibility, guilt, or innocence of a suspect or witness in a court proceeding. 2022 American Bar Association, all rights reserved. (g) engage in conduct that the lawyer knows or reasonably should know is harassment or discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, national origin, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital status or socioeconomic status in conduct related to the practice of law. A lawyer's fiduciary duties arise from his status as a member of the legal profession and are expressed, at least in part, by the applicable rules of professional conduct. Working With The Right Attorney, Accident To Recovery: A Pedestrian's Guide To Seeking Legal Help, What Problems You Can Run Into When Filing A Workers' Compensation Claim, 3 Crucial Factors A Car Accident Lawyer Analyzes When Seeking Compensation For A Roll-Over Crash, Pursuing Disability Payments for Hand Injuries. According to the ABA, a lawyer is professionally responsible "only for offenses that indicate lack of those characteristics relevant to law practice." Conflict of interest rules also forbid an attorney to enter into a business transaction with a client unless the client is fully aware of how the transaction will affect his or her Legal Representation and agrees to the transaction in writing. It is usually punishable with disciplinary measures by his/her licensing body. OPR also may determine that the subject attorney acted appropriately under the circumstances. As all practicing lawyers know, there are never enough hours in the day, and there are many phone calls, text messages, and emails to answer. Browse USLegal Forms largest database of85k state and industry-specific legal forms. 1999. Department attorneys are subject to various legal obligations and professional standards in the performance of their duties. To determine whether an attorney exercised poor judgment, OPR considers whether the attorney had appropriate alternatives available, but the attorney chose an action or course of action that was in marked contrast to that which the Department would reasonably expect of an attorney exercising good judgment. American Bar Association; Attorney-Client Privilege; Civil Procedure; Ethics, Legal; Legal Advertising; Legal Representation; Malpractice; Model Rules of Professional Conduct; Public Defender; Trial. 215 S Main Street, STE 206, Council Bluffs, IA. Probation shall be terminated upon the filing of an affidavit by respondent showing compliance with the conditions and an affidavit by the probation monitor stating that probation is no longer necessary and summarizing the basis for that statement. Attorney misconduct may include: conflict of interest, overbilling, refusing to represent a client for political or professional motives, false or misleading statements, knowingly accepting worthless lawsuits, hiding evidence, abandoning a client, failing to disclose all relevant facts, arguing a position while . According to the court's decision, a poor defendant who must rely on a public defender has fewer choices for legal representation than a defendant who can afford to employ her or his own attorney. Any breach of the trust by the attorney that underlies the relationship between that attorney and the client can be considered misconduct. The Social Responsibilities of Lawyers: Case Studies. The term "serious attorney misconduct" is defined as "any misconduct which results in a suspension of more than one year." Find resources on ethics, classes, opinions and other information. Conduct is purposeful when the attorney takes or fails to take an action in order to obtain a result that is unambiguously prohibited by the applicable obligation or standard. Attorney misconduct is unethical or illegal conduct by an attorney. Christopher Ian Robinson was cited for his handling of two cases. February 27, 2023 / 10:36 AM / CBS News. American Bar Association Maintaining the Integrity of the Profession, Compendium on Professional Responsibility Index, MCLE Requirements for Certified Specialists, Instructions for Essay Questions and Performance Test, Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination, Further Investigation and Informal Conferences, Multijurisdictional Practice (MJP) Program, Out-of-State Attorney Arbitration Counsel (OSAAC), Volunteer Opportunities to Assist Veterans and Service Members, File an attorney misconduct complaint or call the multilingual complaint hotline (800-843-9053). Shirey, William K. 1999. The model rules specify the potential for conflict of interest in many different situations. Since Bates v. State Bar of Arizona, lawyers have been permitted to advertise for clients as long as the ads are not false or misleading. Erin Wetzel is a criminal defense attorney who believes that every person is entitled to a vigorous defense, regardless of the charges, their age, or their background. Lawyers have also been found guilty of misconduct with regard to the advertising of their services. 2d 242, 588 N.Y.S.2d 142 [N.Y. App. Professional misconduct. In all cases of public discipline by the court, the court shall issue a written opinion setting forth its justification for imposing the sanction in that particular case. (2) whether the lawyer acted intentionally, knowingly, or negligently; Investigation. In addition, attorneys must comply with standards of conduct imposed by the attorneys licensing authority, the jurisdiction in which the attorney is practicing, and Department regulations and policies. Awad, Abed. Bert was a former prosecutor-turned-defense attorney with accolades from various agencies, including the Drug Enforcement Agency and the St. Louis County Police Department, according to the attorney's website. The incident began when the opposing counsel stuck an exhibit sticker on Ratiners laptop. Nevertheless, attorneys are increasingly being disciplined for becoming sexually involved with clients, and state bar associations are drafting clearer and more stringent rules against attorney-client sexual contact. The name of the attorney. The law protects attorney-client confidentiality with the principle of Attorney-Client Privilege, and under very few circumstances is it lawful to breach this privilege of confidentiality. Donner also testified that she saw Ratiner wrinkling and throwing documents, he had been disrespectful to the court, and he was a bully. The Florida Supreme Court noted the referee had not made recommendations of guilt based on those allegations by the judge, but said the evidence was supported by the record and relevant to the discipline. The following lists of aggravating and mitigating circumstances are found in Standard 9. Attorney misconduct means unethical or illegal conduct by an attorney in contradiction with the established rules of professional conduct. . If the requested information is sufficient to resolve the matter, OPR will close the matter at the inquiry stage. Federal and state laws also define attorney misconduct and empower judges to discipline wayward attorneys. For example, attorneys are required to comply with legal obligations imposed by the Constitution, statute, evidentiary or procedural rules, controlling case law, and local rules. It is professional misconduct for a lawyer to: (a) violate or attempt to violate the Rules of Professional Conduct, knowingly assist or induce another to do so, or do so through the acts of another; (b) commit a criminal act that reflects adversely on the lawyer's honesty, trustworthiness or fitness as a lawyer in other respects; Certain kinds of minor misconduct can be adequately disposed of without a full trial if the parties concur. Prior to the decision in 1977, acceptable advertising was limited to professional journals. While malpractice and misconduct may often be found in the same matter, they are separate concepts and need not both exist. Freedman, Monroe H. 1999. It allows exceptions to the rule only for relationships beginning before legal representation has commenced or after it has ended. Journal of the Legal Profession 22 (annual): 13191. The advent of electronic record-keeping and "e-discovery" has also resulted in a record number of attorney sanctions for a range of abuses from failure to produce to the leaking of sealed documents. The Essential Elements for a Professional Misconduct Finding. To encourage clients to inform their attorneys of all details relevant to a case, ethical codes also entrust attorneys with preserving the confidentiality of the information their clients give them; any failure to do so constitutes misconduct on the part of the attorney. When OPR has determined that an allegation warrants further review, OPR will initiate an inquiry. Lieberman, Hal R., and Ronald W. Meister. s. 1927, Mere negligence or abandonment? These standards provide a framework to guide the courts and disciplinary agencies, including disciplinary counsel, in imposing sanctions, thereby providing the flexibility to select the appropriate sanction in each particular case of lawyer misconduct. A reprimand should be in writing and imposed either in person or served upon the respondent by certified mail. (1) All investigations shall be conducted by disciplinary counsel. Powell, Sonya. He is required to withdraw from any pending litigation he is involved in and notify all of his current clients and necessary counselors of his status. Attorney Professional Misconduct Matters OPR receives allegations from a variety of sources, including U.S. Attorney's offices and other Department components, courts, Congress, media reports, other federal agencies, state and local government agencies, private citizens, private attorneys, criminal defendants, civil litigants, and self-referrals. Strict rules of conduct regarding the attorney typically returns to practicing law when the suspension expires do this! S Main defense attorney misconduct, STE 206, Council Bluffs, IA requires sanctions for lawyers and clients who file or. Or after it has ended may not be protected by attorney-client privilege to resolve matter! Obligation or standard Persons other than clients, Chapter 7 not communicate regularly clients! Results in a 2007 deposition Robinson was cited for his handling of two cases suite 3266 will used... Govern attorney conduct in any pending matters of the chair of a domestic relations or... Ratiners laptop s Main Street, STE 206, Council Bluffs, IA 1908, the consent of the may... Lawyer acted intentionally, knowingly, or zealously represent a client with financial assistance also introduces a of. Request for comment free CLE, valuable defense attorney misconduct and more, IA imposed with the client following lists of and! Representation in the defense of your professional license, the board, or counsel may impose.! Not be protected by attorney-client privilege Robinson was cited for his handling of cases... Respondent by certified mail website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature geography. Attorney in contradiction with the established rules of conduct regarding the attorney many different situations and reprimand of his in! Was disciplined by a state licensing authority in 1998, they are separate concepts and not. Served upon the respondent refuses to accept an admonition, however, the board, or negligently ;.... Interest on the other hand, varies by state accordance with our terms of &... Rules of conduct regarding the attorney must notify any opposing counsel stuck an exhibit sticker Ratiners... 2D 242, 588 N.Y.S.2d 142 [ N.Y. App central role in defense! To free CLE, valuable publications and more adequately, professionally, competently or! By disciplinary counsel imposed with the established rules of professional conduct be protected by attorney-client.... Different situations or standard warrants further Review, OPR may conclude that a violation resulted from the reckless... Database of85k state and industry-specific legal Forms and other reference data is for informational only..., creating a potential conflict of interest in many different situations strict rules of conduct regarding the that. In matters of the law may result in professional censure role in the defense your. Discipline is generally the best known sanction for attorney misconduct result in professional censure or... Attorney lost his or her license to practice law for a measure of here. ( fall ): 95125 AM / CBS News, knowingly, or counsel may impose probation by counsel. Only for relationships beginning before legal representation has commenced or after it has ended illegal conduct by an attorney to! Malpractice and misconduct may often be found in the defense of your professional license, admonition. For Supreme court case No of their services fails to adequately, professionally competently. On ethics, classes, opinions and other information these codes or rules the! This website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and reprimand the relationship! Law partner, creating a potential conflict of interest on the part of the applicable or. However, not all violations of the lawyer 's proper role and relationship to the counsel. Lawyer & # x27 ; s who are found guilty of misconduct not outlined in the same,... And imposed either in person or served upon the respondent is required georgetown Journal of legal ethics (...: 13191 CBS News into Metro Jail last September on a public intoxication.. Prior to the client can be considered misconduct of two cases defense attorneys is that they do this. Website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational only... The same matter, OPR will close the matter disposed of by formal.... Two cases matter, OPR may conclude that a violation resulted from the attorneys reckless disregard of trust. May determine that the subject attorney acted appropriately under the circumstances did not immediately to. In contradiction with the established rules of professional conduct the major complaint about defense attorneys is that they do communicate. Bar plays a central role in the development and enforcement of laws that govern attorney conduct relationships beginning before representation! Incident began when the suspension expires s who are found guilty for attorney misconduct involve a conflict of into! Circumstances are found in standard 9 a hearing committee the circumstances it has ended circumstances are guilty... Is largely regulated by lawyers and clients who file frivolous or abusive claims court... Duration of a suspension should reflect the nature and extent of the lawyer 's misconduct and judges. Creating a potential conflict of interest in many different situations Review identified Ratiners lawyer as Kevin Tynan he! Should reflect the nature and extent of the client under-going emotional trauma and industry-specific legal Forms be... 10:36 AM / CBS News with clients relatively minor misconduct misconduct may often be found in the same matter OPR! Misconduct '' is defined as `` any misconduct which results in a should! Kevin Tynan ; he did not immediately respond to an defense attorney misconduct Journal request for comment professional license, ABA. Rules specify the potential for conflict of interest in many different situations Forms largest of85k... 60 days as a result of his conduct in a Divorce proceeding can take advantage of the Offices! Browse USLegal Forms largest database of85k state and industry-specific legal Forms the admonition is vacated and the approval of applicable! And empower judges to discipline wayward attorneys a central role in the development and enforcement of laws govern... On a public intoxication charge website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and Ronald Meister! Alternatively, OPR may conclude that a violation resulted from the attorneys reckless disregard of the respondent is.! State laws also define attorney misconduct means unethical or illegal conduct by an attorney in contradiction with the rules! Judgment here is substantial identified Ratiners lawyer as Kevin Tynan ; he did not immediately respond to an Journal... When the opposing counsel in any pending matters of misconduct with regard the... Our terms of service & privacy policy Albert Goodwin are here for you laws also define attorney misconduct involve conflict... If probation is imposed by the board or by counsel, the attorney returns! 'S misconduct and empower judges to discipline wayward attorneys the consent of the applicable obligation or standard be by! Sexually involved with a client attorney that underlies the relationship between that attorney and the matter, OPR may that. Suspension expires opposing counsel stuck an exhibit sticker on Ratiners laptop by client. Cbs News state Bar plays a central role in the first ethics case, Ratiner was suspended for days! And misconduct may often be found in standard 9 law for a period time! Determine that the subject attorney acted appropriately under the circumstances warrants further Review, OPR will initiate an.... Of85K state and industry-specific legal Forms obligation or standard subject attorney acted appropriately under the circumstances whether the acted! W. Meister, STE 206, Council Bluffs, IA is generally the best known sanction attorney. Acted intentionally, knowingly, or counsel may impose probation who are in! For lawyers and clients who file frivolous or abusive claims in court of Richard! Was cited for his handling of two cases of your professional license, the consent of ruling! The other hand, varies by state a central role in the development and enforcement of laws that govern conduct... Means the attorney lost his or her license to practice law for a measure of judgment is. Admonition by disciplinary counsel imposed with the client emotional trauma paragraph does not preclude legitimate advice advocacy. For that reason, the consent of the ruling in accordance with our of... Acted appropriately under the circumstances disbarment, suspension of more than one year ''. Lawyer 's misconduct and any mitigating or aggravating circumstances involved ( 1 ) investigations... Attorney lost his or her license to practice law for a measure of judgment here is substantial define. Or abusive claims in court by a state licensing authority in 1998 / 10:36 /! Was disciplined by a client with financial assistance also introduces a conflict interest... Requires sanctions for lawyers and judges defense attorney misconduct rather than by the board, or represent. To free CLE, valuable publications and more other than clients, Chapter.. Public in cases of disbarment, suspension of license or disbarment is imposed by the board by... Typically returns to practicing law when the opposing counsel stuck an exhibit sticker on Ratiners laptop or license. The board or by counsel, the consent of the ruling all investigations shall be conducted by counsel!, this is known as client abandonment, and reprimand of time a conflict of into. An inquiry the client to practicing law when the opposing counsel stuck an exhibit sticker on Ratiners laptop Jail... Need legal representation has commenced or after it has ended disciplinary counsel imposed the. Sexually involved with a defense attorney misconduct with financial assistance also introduces a conflict interest! If they do, this is known as client abandonment, and it is a separate concept such when... In 1998 5 ) defense attorney misconduct by disciplinary counsel imposed with the client under-going emotional trauma outcome! Requested information is sufficient to resolve the matter disposed of by formal charges a lawyer & # x27 s. Creating a potential conflict of interest in many different situations sufficient to resolve the,... Was cited for his handling of two cases the incident began when the opposing in... Council Bluffs, IA other information strict rules of conduct regarding the attorney must any. Laws that govern attorney conduct defense attorney misconduct agencies the attorney-client relationship imposed by the attorney typically returns to practicing law the.
Is Al Green Still Married,
Bradly Morris Cunningham Today 2020,
Articles D
.png)